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A post-occupancy study of nature-based outdoor classrooms in early childhood settings
Nature-based outdoor classrooms enhance children's learning, behavior and developmental outcomes
Dennis, Jr. S. F., Wells, A., Bishop, C., (2014). A post-occupancy study of nature-based outdoor classrooms in early childhood settings. Children, Youth and Environments, 24(2),Changing spaces, changing relationships: The positive impact of learning out of doors
Outdoor learning influences teacher attitudes as well as student behavior and engagement with learning
Scott, G., Colquhoun, D., (2013). Changing spaces, changing relationships: The positive impact of learning out of doors. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 17(1),Impact of garden-based learning on academic outcomes in schools: Synthesis of research between 1990 and 2010
Garden and green space learning improves educational outcomes
Williams, D. R., Dixon, P. S., (2013). Impact of garden-based learning on academic outcomes in schools: Synthesis of research between 1990 and 2010. Review of Educational Research,School gardens enhance academic performance and dietary outcomes in children
Garden-based learning can positively impact academic performance and promote fruit and vegetable consumption
Berezowitz, C.K., Yoder, A.B.B., Scholler, D.A., (2015). School gardens enhance academic performance and dietary outcomes in children. Journal of School Health, 85(8),Grounds for health: The intersection of green school grounds and health-promoting schools
Green school grounds promote the holistic development and health of children
Bell, A.C., Dyment, J.E., (2008). Grounds for health: The intersection of green school grounds and health-promoting schools. Environmental Education Research, 14(1),Creating an early childhood nature-based play space—A success story
Adult learning theories explain childcare center director's motivation to act on schoolyard greening professional development
Munroe, E., (2013). Creating an early childhood nature-based play space—A success story. LEARNing Landscapes, 7(1),Participatory landscape design Detroit: A tool for environmental education and action
Student leadership in school yard revitalization is tied to increased student knowledge, perceived efficacy and positive design outcomes
Bartlett, M., (2014). Participatory landscape design Detroit: A tool for environmental education and action. Michigan Journal of Sustainability, 2,Garden-based learning: An experience with “at risk” secondary education students
Garden-based learning associated with improved academic performance and teacher-observed self-confidence and self-esteem in at-risk students
Ruiz-Gallardo, J., Verde, A., Valdes, A., (2013). Garden-based learning: An experience with “at risk” secondary education students. The Journal of Environmental Education, 44(4),The place of outdoor play in a school community: A case study of recess values
Children develop a sense of competence playing in the woods
Stanley, E., (2011). The place of outdoor play in a school community: A case study of recess values. Children, Youth and Environments, 21(1),The restorative effects of redesigning the schoolyard: A multi-methodological, quasi-experimental study in rural Austrian middle schools
Greening of a schoolyard results in improved well-being and diminished physiological stress
Kelz, C., Evans, G. W., Röderer, K., (2013). The restorative effects of redesigning the schoolyard: A multi-methodological, quasi-experimental study in rural Austrian middle schools. Environment and Behavior, 47(2),Growing minds: The effects of a one-year school garden program on six constructs of life skills of elementary school children
School garden program positively influenced development of skills in teamwork and self-understanding
Robinson, C.W., Zajicek, J.M., (2005). Growing minds: The effects of a one-year school garden program on six constructs of life skills of elementary school children. HortTechnology, 15(3),The schoolyard habitat movement: What it is and why children need it
Schoolyard habitat projects bring natural benefits to school and students
Rivkin, M., (1997). The schoolyard habitat movement: What it is and why children need it. Early Childhood Education Journal, 25(1),The benefits of children's engagement with nature: A systematic literature review
Playful styles of nature engagement yield multiple benefits for children
Gill, T., (2014). The benefits of children's engagement with nature: A systematic literature review. Children, Youth and Environments, 24(2),Nature playscapes as contexts for fostering self-determination
Nature playscapes encourage creativity, problem-solving and self-determination
Kochanowski, L., Carr, V., (2014). Nature playscapes as contexts for fostering self-determination. Children, Youth and Environments, 24(2),Nature as a moderator of stress in urban children
Nearby nature helps children cope with adversity
Corraliza, J.A., Collado, S., Bethelmy, L., (2012). Nature as a moderator of stress in urban children. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 38,Unruly children in unbounded spaces: School-based nature experiences for urban learning disabled young people in Greater Manchester, UK
Attempts to mitigate perceived risk result in education and leisure opportunities that are highly structured and supervised for students with disabilities
von Benzon, N., (2017). Unruly children in unbounded spaces: School-based nature experiences for urban learning disabled young people in Greater Manchester, UK. Journal of Rural Studies, 51,Playground development in Papua New Guinea: Creating new play, learning and research environments
A new, culturally appropriate and locally-sourced playground provides a safe, stimulating environment for play, learning and research
Simoncini, K., Carr, V., Elliott, S., Manson, E., Simeon, L., Sawi, J., (2016). Playground development in Papua New Guinea: Creating new play, learning and research environments. Children, Youth and Environments, 26(1),The feasibility of school gardens as an educational approach in Greece: A survey of Greek schools
Study supports the feasibility of school gardens as an educational approach in Greece
Plaka, V., Skanavis, C., (2016). The feasibility of school gardens as an educational approach in Greece: A survey of Greek schools. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 10(2),Infant and toddler responses to a redesign of their childcare outdoor play space
The greening of an outdoor playspace led to an increase in the variety and level of infants’ and toddlers’ movement and physical activity
Morrissey, A-M, Scott, C., Wishart, L., (2015). Infant and toddler responses to a redesign of their childcare outdoor play space. Children, Youth & Environments, 25(1),Bringing nature to schools to promote children’s physical activity
Physical activity in schools will be enhanced when children have more opportunities for engaging with nature-related features
Sharma-Brymer, V., Bland, D., (2016). Bringing nature to schools to promote children’s physical activity. Sports Medicine, 46,Going, doing, gardening: School gardens in the underrepresented communities of LakeWorth, Palm Springs, and Greenacres, Florida
Garden programs positively influenced students’ and teachers’ lives in an impoverished community
Wagenfeld, A., Whitfield, E., (2015). Going, doing, gardening: School gardens in the underrepresented communities of LakeWorth, Palm Springs, and Greenacres, Florida. Children, Youth and Environments, 25(1),An Australian perspective of a forest school: Shaping a sense of place to support learning
A forest school approach promotes a sense of self, belonging, and relational connections
Cumming, F., Nash, M., (2015). An Australian perspective of a forest school: Shaping a sense of place to support learning. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 15(4),Increased provision of udeskole in Danish schools: An updated national population survey
National survey update shows an increase in udeskole (outdoor learning) in Denmark schools
Barford, K., Ejbye-Ernst, N., Mygind, L., Bentsen, P., (2016). Increased provision of udeskole in Danish schools: An updated national population survey. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 20(1),School grounds as a resource of green space to increase child-plant contact
School grounds have potential for, but are currently underutilized as, resources for child-plant interaction
Akoumianaki-Ioannidou, A., Paraskevopoulou, A.T., Tachou, V., (2016). School grounds as a resource of green space to increase child-plant contact. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 20(1),School gardens and adolescent nutrition and BMI: Results from a national, multilevel study
High school students, especially students living in poverty, benefit from access to school gardens
Utter, J., Denny, S., Dyson, B., (2016). School gardens and adolescent nutrition and BMI: Results from a national, multilevel study. Preventive Medicine, 83,How is high school greenness related to students' restoration and health?
High school greenness can help students recover from stress
Akpinar, A., (2016). How is high school greenness related to students' restoration and health?. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 16,Opening garden gates: Teachers make meaning of school gardens in Havana and Philadelphia
Teachers in Havana and Philadelphia use opportunities through schools and the social context to legitimate marginalized garden-based learning
Bucher, K., (2017). Opening garden gates: Teachers make meaning of school gardens in Havana and Philadelphia. Teaching and Teacher Education, 63,Exploring the benefits of school gardening for children in Taiwan and identifying the factors influencing these benefits
Multiple factors contribute to the benefits and highlight the unique characteristics of gardening with children
Chang, Y-Y, Su, W-C, Tang, I-C, Chang, C-Y, (2016). Exploring the benefits of school gardening for children in Taiwan and identifying the factors influencing these benefits. HortTechnology, 26(6),Green inclusion: Biophilia as a necessity
Environmental education promotes the inclusion of children with special needs and addresses their biophilic needs
Stavrianos, A., (2016). Green inclusion: Biophilia as a necessity. British Journal of Special Education, 43(4),Children and nature: Following the trail to environmental attitudes and behavior
Decades of research points to connection between childhood time in nature and environmental attitudes
Wells, N. M., Lekies, K. S., (2012). Children and nature: Following the trail to environmental attitudes and behavior. In: J. Dickinson and R. Bonney (Eds.) Citizen Science: public collaboration in environmental research. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.,The child in the garden: An evaluative review of the benefits of school gardening
School gardens positively impact children's learning and behavior
Blair, D., (2009). The child in the garden: An evaluative review of the benefits of school gardening. Journal of Environmental Education, 40(2),Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in Ankara's primary schools
Schoolyard size and landscape quality influence children's satisfaction and weight
Ozdemir, A., Yilmaz, O., (2008). Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in Ankara's primary schools. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28(3),Biodiverse or barren school grounds: Their effects on children
Green schoolyards provide rich play environments
Samborski, S., (2010). Biodiverse or barren school grounds: Their effects on children. Children, Youth and Environments, 20(2),Experience in local urban wildlife research enhances a conservation education programme with school children
Nature-based experiences with academic mentors in urban environments enhances students' awareness and interest
Awasthy, M., Popovic, A. Z., Linklater, W. L., (2012). Experience in local urban wildlife research enhances a conservation education programme with school children. Pacific Conservation Biology, 18(1),The nature of udeskole: Outdoor learning theory and practice in Danish schools
Outdoor education in the context of Danish "udeskole" provides insights into best practices and practical challenges
Bensten, P., Jensen, F. S., (2012). The nature of udeskole: Outdoor learning theory and practice in Danish schools. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 12(3),Effects of integrating garden-based learning and E-learning into life education
Garden-based learning strengthens student's life learning and positive attitudes
Chen, M.L., Lou, S., Shih, R., (2013). Effects of integrating garden-based learning and E-learning into life education. Life Science Journal, 10(2),Promoting connectedness with nature through environmental education
Age and academic level may predict children's connectedness to nature and the success of environmental education in enhancing connectedness
Lieflander, A., Frohlich, G., Bogner, F. X., Schultz, P. W., (2013). Promoting connectedness with nature through environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 19(3),A comparative study of the impacts and students' perceptions of indoor and outdoor learning in the science classroom
Outdoor learning complements indoor learning by improving student performance and increasing student participation and enjoyment in science learning activities
Dhanapal, S., Lim, C. C. Y., (2013). A comparative study of the impacts and students' perceptions of indoor and outdoor learning in the science classroom. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 14(2),Green schoolyards as havens from stress and resources for resilience in childhood and adolescence
Natural schoolyards decrease stress, strengthen attention, reduce behavior problems, and enhance factors associated with resilience in children of all ages
Chawla, L., Keena, K., Pevec, I., Stanley, E., (2014). Green schoolyards as havens from stress and resources for resilience in childhood and adolescence. Health & Place, 28,"Sowing and growing" life skills through garden-based learning to reengage disengaged youth
Garden-based intervention program promotes positive learning and behavioral outcomes for students disengaged from school
Truong, S., Gray, T., Ward, K., (2016). "Sowing and growing" life skills through garden-based learning to reengage disengaged youth. LEARNing Landscapes, 10(1),Food for thought: The intersection of gardens, education, and community at Edible Schoolyard New Orleans
Edible schoolyard garden in New Orleans promotes students' food security, environmental knowledge, and emotional and social well-being
Fakharzadeh, S., (2015). Food for thought: The intersection of gardens, education, and community at Edible Schoolyard New Orleans. Children, Youth and Environments, 25(3),Early childhood environmental education in tropical and coastal areas: A meta-analysis
Informal learning activities can help young children learn about the natural world
Sawitri, D.R., (2017). Early childhood environmental education in tropical and coastal areas: A meta-analysis. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 55"We won't hurt you butterfly!" Second-graders become environmental stewards from experiences in a school garden
School-garden program promotes positive attitudes toward the environment
Fisher-Maltese, C., (2016). "We won't hurt you butterfly!" Second-graders become environmental stewards from experiences in a school garden. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 4(1),Pedagogical school gardens as a Food and Nutrition Education strategy: Perception of parents and educators of their impact on children's diets
Children and families experience dietary benefits of school gardens
Garcia, M.T., Coelho, D.E.P., Bogus, C.M., (2017). Pedagogical school gardens as a Food and Nutrition Education strategy: Perception of parents and educators of their impact on children's diets. DemetraEco-school evaluation beyond labels: The impact of environmental policy, didactics and nature at school on student outcomes
Active teaching methods, environmental education policy, and the presence and use of natural green elements impact eco-schools’ environmental education outcomes
Boeve-de Pauw, J., Van Petegem, P., (2018). Eco-school evaluation beyond labels: The impact of environmental policy, didactics and nature at school on student outcomes. Environmental Education Research, 24(9),Live green, think green: Sustainable school architecture and children's environmental attitudes and behaviors
Sustainable school design promotes students’ pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors
Tucker, R., Izadpanahi, P., (2017). Live green, think green: Sustainable school architecture and children's environmental attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 51,The meaning of participation in school ground greening: A study from project to everyday setting
Children’s participation in school ground greening planning influences functionality; participation in management phases results in student engagement and satisfaction
Jansson, M., Martensson, F., Gunnarsson, A., (2018). The meaning of participation in school ground greening: A study from project to everyday setting. Landscape Research, 43(1),'If there's no sustainability our future will get wrecked': Exploring children's perspectives of sustainability
Children’s ideas about sustainability are developed through experiential, investigative, sensorial and place-oriented ways of learning
Green, M., (2017). 'If there's no sustainability our future will get wrecked': Exploring children's perspectives of sustainability. Childhood, 24(2),Assessing a school gardening program as an integrated component of a pilot farm-to-school initiative based in South Carolina
School gardens are used for multidisciplinary academic instruction more than contribution to school nutrition programs
Taylor, C., Symon, E.B., Dabbs, A., Way, E., Thompson, O.M., (2017). Assessing a school gardening program as an integrated component of a pilot farm-to-school initiative based in South Carolina. HortTechnology, 27(2),MADE POSSIBLE WITH SUPPORT FROM:
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