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Recess quality and social and behavioral health in elementary school students
Recess quality impacts social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes
Massey, W. V., Thalken, J., Szarabajko, A., Neilson, L., Geldhof, J., (2021). Recess quality and social and behavioral health in elementary school students. Journal of School Health, 91(9),How challenges and peers contribute to social-emotional learning in outdoor adventure education programs
Experiencing challenge, while being supported by peers, may facilitate social-emotional learning in outdoor adventure education programs
Orson, C. N., McGovern, G., Larson, R. W., (2020). How challenges and peers contribute to social-emotional learning in outdoor adventure education programs. Journal of Adolescence, 81,Effects of a school-based garden program on academic performance: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Participation in a garden-based learning intervention improved fourth graders’ standardized reading test scores
Davis, J. N., Nikah, K., Landry, M, J,, Vandyousefi, S., Ghaddar, R., Jeans, M., Cooper, M. H., Martin, B., Waugh, L., Sharma, S. V., van den Berg, A. E., (2023). Effects of a school-based garden program on academic performance: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 123(4),The value of outdoor environmental education programs for girls and youth of color: cultivating positive dispositions toward science and the environment
Girls and youth of color experienced the largest gains in their dispositions toward science and the environment through participation in outdoor environmental education
Collins, M. A., Romero, V. F., Young, A., Dorph, R., Foreman, J., Strang, C., Pande, A., Laina, V., (2025). The value of outdoor environmental education programs for girls and youth of color: cultivating positive dispositions toward science and the environment. Environmental Education ResearchNeighborhood environments underpin screen time intervention success in children: Evidence from a study of greenspace and community programming across 130 US communities
Equitable access to greenspace is an important consideration for interventions aiming to reduce children’s screen time
Lang, I., Fischer, A. L., Antonakos, C. L., Miller, S. S., Hasson, R. E., Pate, R. R., Collie-Akers, V. L., Colabianchi, N., (2024). Neighborhood environments underpin screen time intervention success in children: Evidence from a study of greenspace and community programming across 130 US communities. Health and Place, 89Screen time and mental health in college students: Time in nature as a protective factor
Green time moderates negative mental health effects of screen time for college students
Deyo, A., Wallace, J., Kidwell, K. M., (2024). Screen time and mental health in college students: Time in nature as a protective factor. Journal of American College Health, 72(8),Seeing the forest through the trees: at the intersection of Forest Kindergartens and art-based environmental education
Art-based environmental education can provide empowering opportunities for children to make their own ecological discoveries
Hunter-Doniger, T., (2021). Seeing the forest through the trees: at the intersection of Forest Kindergartens and art-based environmental education. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 21(3),Effects of an art-based environmental education camp program on the environmental attitudes and awareness of diverse youth
At worst, arts-based environmental education is just as good as conventional environmental education
Staples, A. F., Larson, L. R., Worsley, T., Green, G. T., Carroll, J. P., (2019). Effects of an art-based environmental education camp program on the environmental attitudes and awareness of diverse youth. The Journal of Environmental Education, 50(3),Growing sustainable therapeutic third spaces – a therapeutic sensory garden’s impact on university student self-reported quality of life and affect
A small study finds promise in placing therapeutic sensory gardens on college campuses
Delbert, T., Stepansky, K., Bucey, J. C., Goodman-Schiller, D., (2024). Growing sustainable therapeutic third spaces – a therapeutic sensory garden’s impact on university student self-reported quality of life and affect. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher EducationImpact of youth education on green stormwater infrastructure recommendations to increase equity and resilience in marginalized communities
Youth involvement in infrastructure planning in response to climate change can benefit both the youth and the community
Reckner, M., Tien, I., Smith, S., Omunga, P., Alemdar, M., Hyde, A., (2024). Impact of youth education on green stormwater infrastructure recommendations to increase equity and resilience in marginalized communities. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 150(9)Seeing awe: How children perceive awe-inspiring visual experiences
Sensitivity toward awe-inspiring visual experiences is present early in life
O'bi, A., Yang, F., (2024). Seeing awe: How children perceive awe-inspiring visual experiences. Child Development, 95,Investigating spatial heterogeneity of park inequity using three access measures: A case study in Hartford, Connecticut
An unbiased park equity assessment needs to consider multiple park access dimensions
Zhang, P., Park, S., (2023). Investigating spatial heterogeneity of park inequity using three access measures: A case study in Hartford, Connecticut. Applied Geography, 151Project nature: Promoting outdoor physical activity in children via primary care
Involving primary care providers may be one way to promote children’s outdoor physical activity
Griffin, G. M., Nieto, C., Senturia, K., Brown, M., Garrett, K., Nguyen, E., Glassy, D., Kroshus, E., Tandon, P., (2024). Project nature: Promoting outdoor physical activity in children via primary care. BMC Primary Care, 25(68 )Connection to nature boosts adolescents’ mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic
Adolescent’s mental health can be strengthened through connection to nature
Jackson, S. B., Stevenson, K. T., Larson, L. R., Peterson, M. N., Seekamp, E., (2021). Connection to nature boosts adolescents’ mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 13(12297),Walking in nature may improve affect but not cognition
Walking in nature improved affect, not cognition, for California undergraduates
Trammell, J., Harriger, J. A., Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., (2024). Walking in nature may improve affect but not cognition. Frontiers, 18Outdoor recreation experiences in youth with visual impairments: A qualitative inquiry
Youth with visual impairments need adapted support and special programming to safely participate in outdoor recreation activities
Lieberman, L. J., Haibach-Beach, P., Perreault, M., Stribing, A., (2023). Outdoor recreation experiences in youth with visual impairments: A qualitative inquiry. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 23(2),Connection to nature is associated with social-emotional learning of children
Children with a strong connection to nature have higher social emotional learning skills than those with a weaker connection to nature
Lanza, K., Alcazar, M., Chen, B., Kohl III, H. W., (2023). Connection to nature is associated with social-emotional learning of children. Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology, 4Heat-resilient schoolyards: Relations between temperature, shade, and physical activity of children during recess
More tree canopy in children’s play area is associated with more moderate to vigorous physical activity
Lanza, K., Alcazar, M., Durand, C. P., Salvo, D., Villa, U., Kohl III, H. W., (2023). Heat-resilient schoolyards: Relations between temperature, shade, and physical activity of children during recess. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 20,School greenspace is associated with enhanced benefits of academic interventions on annual reading improvement for children of color in California
School greenspace may bolster the effects of instructional interventions for students with high academic support needs
Rahai, R., Wells, N. M., Evans, G. W., (2023). School greenspace is associated with enhanced benefits of academic interventions on annual reading improvement for children of color in California. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 83Staff perspectives on the targeted incorporation of nature-based interventions for children and youth at a residential treatment facility
Nature-based interventions are most effective when alignment of intervention qualities, context and the child’s needs are considered in choosing therapeutic approaches
Gandenberger, J., Motiff, M., Flynn, E., Morris, K. N., (2022). Staff perspectives on the targeted incorporation of nature-based interventions for children and youth at a residential treatment facility. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 40(1),A Framework for Pediatric Health Care Providers to Promote Active Play in Nature for Children
Pediatric health care providers can play a larger role in encouraging play in nature to promote children’s health
Tandon, P.S., Hafferty, K., Kroshus, E., Angulo, A., Burton, M., Peyton, M., Senturia, K., (2022). A Framework for Pediatric Health Care Providers to Promote Active Play in Nature for Children. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 13,Diversity in outdoor education: Discrepancies in SEL across a school overnight program
Implicit bias may influence assessment results of SEL in a multicultural group of students
Germinaro, K., Jones, J. M., (2021). Diversity in outdoor education: Discrepancies in SEL across a school overnight program. Journal of Experiential EducationPatterns of family-based nature activities across the early life course and their association with adulthood outdoor participation and preference
Frequency of family-based nature activities in childhood is related to more time outdoors and a preference for outdoor environments in early adulthood
Izenstark, D., Middaugh, E., (2022). Patterns of family-based nature activities across the early life course and their association with adulthood outdoor participation and preference. Journal of Leisure Research, 53(1),Growing North Minneapolis: Connecting youth and community through garden-based experiential learning
Youth valued the increased knowledge and social interaction benefits experienced through an urban garden-based program
Rogers, M., Livstrom, L., Roiger, B., Smith, A., (2019). Growing North Minneapolis: Connecting youth and community through garden-based experiential learning. HortTechnology, 30(1)Cultivating social capital in diverse, low-income neighborhoods: The value of parks for parents with young children
High-quality parks and safe, walkable, built environments can enhance neighborhood social capital in low-income communities of color
Mullenbach, L. E., Larson, L. R., Floyd, M. F., Marquet, O., Huang, J., Alberico, C., Ogletree, S. S., Hipp, J. A., (2022). Cultivating social capital in diverse, low-income neighborhoods: The value of parks for parents with young children. Landscape and Urban Planning, 219Equally green? Understanding the distribution of urban green infrastructure across student demographics in four public school districts in North Carolina, USA
Schools can help mitigate environmental injustices suffered by low-income, high minority communities by increasing greenness on their property
Zhang, Z., Martin, K. L., Stevenson, K. T., Yao, Y., (2021). Equally green? Understanding the distribution of urban green infrastructure across student demographics in four public school districts in North Carolina, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 67Everyday learning opportunities of young children with and without developmental disabilities or delays
Young children with disabilities have similar learning opportunities as typically developing peers
Dunst, C., (2020). Everyday learning opportunities of young children with and without developmental disabilities or delays. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 7(3),Exploring geographical, curricular, and demographic factors of nature use by children in urban schoolyards in Raleigh, NC, USA
Simply providing nature-rich areas in schoolyards cannot guarantee the use of natural spaces by children and teachers
Zhang, Z., Stevenson, K. T., Martin, K. L., (2021). Exploring geographical, curricular, and demographic factors of nature use by children in urban schoolyards in Raleigh, NC, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 65Increased exposure to nature reduces elementary students’ anxiety
A nature-based guidance program was effective at reducing anxiety among third grade students
Rıan, S. W., Coll, K. M., (2021). Increased exposure to nature reduces elementary students’ anxiety. EcopsychologyVisitor access, use, and desired improvements in urban parks
Understanding urban park uses and evaluating visitor perspectives can help create more accessible, welcoming spaces
Talal, M. L., Santelmann, M. V., (2021). Visitor access, use, and desired improvements in urban parks. Urban Forestry & Urban GreeningExploring outdoor play: A mixed-methods study of the quality of preschool play environments and teacher perceptions of risky play
Limits to risky play at preschool include teachers’ reluctance, lack of affordances, and safety regulations
LeMasters, A. C., Vandermaas-Peeler, M., (2021). Exploring outdoor play: A mixed-methods study of the quality of preschool play environments and teacher perceptions of risky play. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor LearningExamine the associations between perceived neighborhood conditions, physical activity, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Higher income US neighborhoods had more health-promoting features before the COVID-19 pandemic and more positive changes during the outbreak
Yang, Y., Xiang, X., (2021). Examine the associations between perceived neighborhood conditions, physical activity, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health & Place, 67Using transformative learning theory to understand outdoor adventure education
Challenging activities, supportive relationships, and reflection facilitate transformative learning in outdoor adventure education
Meerts-Brandsma, L., Sibthorp, J., Rochelle, S., (2020). Using transformative learning theory to understand outdoor adventure education. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor LearningFrom XS to XL urban nature: Examining access to different types of green space using a ‘just sustainabilities’ framework
Major U.S. cities have significantly less street greenery in racial/ethnic minority and low-income neighborhoods than other neighborhoods
Choi, D., Park, K., Rigolon, A., (2020). From XS to XL urban nature: Examining access to different types of green space using a ‘just sustainabilities’ framework. Sustainability, 12(6998)The potential correlation between nature engagement in middle childhood years and college undergraduates' nature engagement, proenvironmental attitudes, and stress
Positive childhood experiences with nature can promote continued nature engagement and pro-environmental attitudes in adulthood
Sachs, N. A., Rakow, D. A., Shepley, M. M., Peditto, K., (2020). The potential correlation between nature engagement in middle childhood years and college undergraduates' nature engagement, proenvironmental attitudes, and stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 11,Greening for academic achievement: Prioritizing what to plant and where
Trees on and near school grounds are positively linked to academic achievement of sixth-grade students
Kuo, M., Klein, S. E., Browning, M. H., Zaplatosch, J., (2021). Greening for academic achievement: Prioritizing what to plant and where. Landscape and Urban Planning, 206How combinations of recreational activities predict connection to nature among youth
Solitary outdoor activities, reinforced by environmental socialization, may best promote connectedness to nature
Szczytko, R., Stevenson, K.T., Peterson, M.N., Bondell, H., (2020). How combinations of recreational activities predict connection to nature among youth. The Journal of Environmental EducationImpacts of urban landscapes on students' academic performance
Students' educational outcomes are linked to the level of green and blue spaces in the schools' attendance areas
Lin, M., Van Stan II, J. T., (2020). Impacts of urban landscapes on students' academic performance. Landscape and Urban Planning, 201Early life exposure to green space and insulin resistance: An assessment from infancy to early adolescence
Exposure to greenspace during childhood may not have the protective effect on diabetes risk among adolescents as previously thought
Jimenez, M. P., Oken, E., Gold, D. R., Luttmann-Gibson, H., Requia, W. J., Rifas-Shiman, S.L., Gingras, V., Hivert, M.F., Rimm, E. B., James, P., (June, 2020). Early life exposure to green space and insulin resistance: An assessment from infancy to early adolescence. Environment International, 142An analysis of the educational and health-related benefits of nature-based environmental education in low-income Black and Hispanic children
Nature-based environmental education programs may improve health-related quality of life and STEM capacity in low-income Black and Hispanic youth
Sprague, N., Berrigan, D., Ekenga, C.C., (2020). An analysis of the educational and health-related benefits of nature-based environmental education in low-income Black and Hispanic children. Health Equity, 4(1),The intersection of emotional and sociocognitive competencies with civic engagement in middle childhood and adolescence
Emotional and sociocognitive competencies are uniquely associated with different forms of civic engagement
Metzger, A., Alvis, L.M., Oosterhoff, B., Babskie, E., Syvertsen, A., Wray-Lake, L., (2018). The intersection of emotional and sociocognitive competencies with civic engagement in middle childhood and adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47,Bird feeders increase connection to nature in parents but not in their children
Bird feeders may be an effective tool for promoting connection to nature, but in parents more than children
Hammond, R.L., (2020). Bird feeders increase connection to nature in parents but not in their children. Ecopsychology, 12(1),“And it made me feel good inside”: Initial evidence and future methods for evaluating nature school effectiveness
Different methods used to evaluate a nature education program highlight growth in cognitive, social, environmental, and physical domains
Volpe, M., Derr, V., Kim, S., (2019). “And it made me feel good inside”: Initial evidence and future methods for evaluating nature school effectiveness. Children, Youth and Environments, 29(2),Physical activity, screen time, and outdoor learning environment practices and policy implementation: A cross sectional study of Texas child care centers
Childcare centers have room to improve in physical activity, screen time and outdoor learning environment policies and practices
Byrd-Williams, C.E., Dooley, E.E., Thi, C.A., Browning, C., Hoelscher, D.M., (2019). Physical activity, screen time, and outdoor learning environment practices and policy implementation: A cross sectional study of Texas child care centers. BMC Public Health, 19San Francisco youth outdoor recreation intentions through themed messages
Urban youth identify "connecting with family and friends" as a primary motivator for recreating outdoors
Goldenberg, M., Schwab, K., Hendricks, W.W., Greenwood, J., Greenwood, B., Higgins, L., (2019). San Francisco youth outdoor recreation intentions through themed messages. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 11(3),Concepts and measures related to connected to nature: Similarities and differences
A review of concepts and measures related to connected to nature show similarities and differences
Tam, K-P, (2013). Concepts and measures related to connected to nature: Similarities and differences. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 34,Exploring the influence of neighborhood walkability on the frequency of use of greenspace
Neighborhood walkability factors are linked to more frequent use of urban greenspace
Zuniga-Teran, A.A., Stoker, P., Gimblett, R.H., Orr, B.J., Marsh, S.E., Guertin, D.P., Chalfoun, N.V., (2019). Exploring the influence of neighborhood walkability on the frequency of use of greenspace. Landscape and Urban Planning, 190Nature-based education and kindergarten readiness: Nature-based and traditional preschoolers are equally prepared for kindergarten
Children in nature-based and traditional preschools are equally prepared for kindergarten
Cordiano, T.S., Lee, A., Wilt, J., Elszasz, A., Damour, L.K., Russ, S.W., (2019). Nature-based education and kindergarten readiness: Nature-based and traditional preschoolers are equally prepared for kindergarten. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 6(3),Impacts of outdoor environmental education on teacher reports of attention, behavior, and learning outcomes for students with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral disabilities
Students with special needs demonstrated longer attention spans and fewer disruptive behaviors while participating in outdoor learning activities
Szczytko, R., Carrier, S.J., Stevenson, K.T., (2018). Impacts of outdoor environmental education on teacher reports of attention, behavior, and learning outcomes for students with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral disabilities. Frontiers in Psychology, 3MADE POSSIBLE WITH SUPPORT FROM:
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