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Green inclusion: Biophilia as a necessity
Environmental education promotes the inclusion of children with special needs and addresses their biophilic needs
Stavrianos, A., (2016). Green inclusion: Biophilia as a necessity. British Journal of Special Education, 43(4),Tomorrow's leaders and today's agents of change? Children, sustainability education and environmental governance
Engaging children as “agents of change” for the environment should be based on a consideration of structural and relational dimensions of environmental knowledge transmission
Walker, C., (2017). Tomorrow's leaders and today's agents of change? Children, sustainability education and environmental governance. Children & Society, 31,Children and nature: Following the trail to environmental attitudes and behavior
Decades of research points to connection between childhood time in nature and environmental attitudes
Wells, N. M., Lekies, K. S., (2012). Children and nature: Following the trail to environmental attitudes and behavior. In: J. Dickinson and R. Bonney (Eds.) Citizen Science: public collaboration in environmental research. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.,An ethnographic comparison of real and virtual reality field trips to Trillium Trail: The salamander find as a salient event
Real field trips provide better overall learning environments than virtual field trips
Harrington, M. C. R., (2009). An ethnographic comparison of real and virtual reality field trips to Trillium Trail: The salamander find as a salient event. Children, Youth and Environments, 19(1),Childhood development and access to nature: A new direction for environmental inequality research
Research is needed to understand whether and why inequalities exist in terms of children's exposure to toxic pollutants, nature, and green space
Strife, S., Downey, L., (2009). Childhood development and access to nature: A new direction for environmental inequality research. Organization & Environment, 22(1),Development and validation of two scales to measure elaboration and behaviors associated with stewardship in children
Newly-developed assessment tools show high potential for evaluating the outcomes of environmental education programs
Vezeau, S.L., Powell, R.B., Stern, M.J., Moore, D.D., Wright, B.A., (2017). Development and validation of two scales to measure elaboration and behaviors associated with stewardship in children. Environmental Education Research, 23(2),The child in the garden: An evaluative review of the benefits of school gardening
School gardens positively impact children's learning and behavior
Blair, D., (2009). The child in the garden: An evaluative review of the benefits of school gardening. Journal of Environmental Education, 40(2),Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in Ankara's primary schools
Schoolyard size and landscape quality influence children's satisfaction and weight
Ozdemir, A., Yilmaz, O., (2008). Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in Ankara's primary schools. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28(3),Youth day in Los Angeles: Evaluating the role of technology in children's nature activities
Technology may help engage children in outdoor activities in nature
Chavez, D. J., (2009). Youth day in Los Angeles: Evaluating the role of technology in children's nature activities. Children, Youth and Environments, 19(1),Children's relationship to plants among primary school children in Finland
Children's interest and relationship to nature and vegetation varies by context (urban vs. rural) and gender
Laaksoharju, T., Rappe, E., (2010). Children's relationship to plants among primary school children in Finland. HortTechnology, 20(4),The impact of direct and indirect experiences on the development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior
Direct nature experiences are important for changing environmental attitudes and behavior
Duerden, M. D., Witt, P. A., (2010). The impact of direct and indirect experiences on the development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4),Biodiverse or barren school grounds: Their effects on children
Green schoolyards provide rich play environments
Samborski, S., (2010). Biodiverse or barren school grounds: Their effects on children. Children, Youth and Environments, 20(2),Effects of an environmental education program on the environmental orientations of children from different gender, age, and ethnic groups
Non-formal outdoor environmental education programs can improve children's environmental orientations
Larson, L. R., Castleberry, S. B., Green, G. T., (2010). Effects of an environmental education program on the environmental orientations of children from different gender, age, and ethnic groups. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 28(3),Influence of limitedly visible leafy indoor plants on the psychology, behavior, and health of students at a junior high school in Taiwan
Plants in classrooms benefit students' emotions, behavior, and health
Han, K. T., (2009). Influence of limitedly visible leafy indoor plants on the psychology, behavior, and health of students at a junior high school in Taiwan. Environment and Behavior, 41(5),Biocentric reasoning in children: Implications in science and environmental education
Children express biocentric perspectives despite little exposure to animals in natural areas
Almedia, A., Strecht-Ribeiro, O., Vasconcelos, C., (2011). Biocentric reasoning in children: Implications in science and environmental education. Proceedings of the ESERA 2011 Conference: Science Learning and Citizenship., 8,Experience in local urban wildlife research enhances a conservation education programme with school children
Nature-based experiences with academic mentors in urban environments enhances students' awareness and interest
Awasthy, M., Popovic, A. Z., Linklater, W. L., (2012). Experience in local urban wildlife research enhances a conservation education programme with school children. Pacific Conservation Biology, 18(1),The nature of udeskole: Outdoor learning theory and practice in Danish schools
Outdoor education in the context of Danish "udeskole" provides insights into best practices and practical challenges
Bensten, P., Jensen, F. S., (2012). The nature of udeskole: Outdoor learning theory and practice in Danish schools. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 12(3),Promoting science outdoor activities for elementary school children: Contributions from a research laboratory
Children enjoy, but could use more practice with, nature-based scientific research
Boaventura, D., Faria, C., Chagas, I., Galvãoc, C., (2013). Promoting science outdoor activities for elementary school children: Contributions from a research laboratory. International Journal of Science Education, 35(5),Effects of integrating garden-based learning and E-learning into life education
Garden-based learning strengthens student's life learning and positive attitudes
Chen, M.L., Lou, S., Shih, R., (2013). Effects of integrating garden-based learning and E-learning into life education. Life Science Journal, 10(2),Moulding urban children towards environmental stewardship: the Table Mountain National Park experience
Participation in short-term nature-based learning activities promotes positive environmental attitudes for urban children
Ferreira, S., (2012). Moulding urban children towards environmental stewardship: the Table Mountain National Park experience. Environmental Education Research, 18(2),Promoting connectedness with nature through environmental education
Age and academic level may predict children's connectedness to nature and the success of environmental education in enhancing connectedness
Lieflander, A., Frohlich, G., Bogner, F. X., Schultz, P. W., (2013). Promoting connectedness with nature through environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 19(3),Use of the outdoor classroom and nature-study to support science and literacy learning: A narrative case study of a third-grade classroom
Nature provides a meaningful context for integrated science and literacy learning and contributes to student achievement on standardized tests
Eick, C. J., (2012). Use of the outdoor classroom and nature-study to support science and literacy learning: A narrative case study of a third-grade classroom. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 23(7),Urban environmental education: Leveraging technology and ecology to engage students in studying the environment
Science self-efficacy and environmental stewardship of high school students improved through participation in an intensive summer urban ecology program
Barnett, M., Vaughn, M., Strauss, E., Cotter, L., (2011). Urban environmental education: Leveraging technology and ecology to engage students in studying the environment. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 20(3),The REAL team: A cooperative student training program in rapid ecological assessment
Ecological internship program is model for valuable educational and work experience
Farnsworth, E. J., Holsinger, K. E., Mehrhoff, L. J., Murray, N., Preston, J., Silander, J. A., (2001). The REAL team: A cooperative student training program in rapid ecological assessment. BioScience, 51(10),High school forestry education in the Pacific Northwest
High school forestry education is valuable venue for life skills development
Reeves, A. A., Wolf, K. J., (2013). High school forestry education in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Forestry, 111(1),Role of internship in higher education in environmental sciences
Environmental science internships are complementary to university education
Scholz, R. W., Steiner, R., Hansmann, R., (2004). Role of internship in higher education in environmental sciences. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41(1),Adult learning meets the green economy: Lessons from a green jobs education project
Adult education for green jobs is successful, but basic skills are a prerequisite
Wagner, C., (2013). Adult learning meets the green economy: Lessons from a green jobs education project. Adult Learning, 24(1),California Conservation Corps offers youth career development opportunities
Conservation core program supports career development of youth not attending college
Stanley, S., (2002). California Conservation Corps offers youth career development opportunities. California Agriculture, 56(2),Child-orientated environmental education influences adult knowledge and household behaviour
Children's environmental education influences parental knowledge and household environmental behavior
Damerell, P., Howe, C., Milner-Gulland, E.J., (2013). Child-orientated environmental education influences adult knowledge and household behaviour. Environmental Research Letters, 8(1),Caring for the Earth: Generativity as a mediator for the prediction of environmental narratives from identity among activists and nonactivists
Life stories show relationships between environmental identity and generativity among environmental activitists and nonactivists
Alisat, S., Norris, J. E., Pratt, M. W., Matsuba, M. K., McAdams, D. P., (2014). Caring for the Earth: Generativity as a mediator for the prediction of environmental narratives from identity among activists and nonactivists. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 14(13),A comparative study of the impacts and students' perceptions of indoor and outdoor learning in the science classroom
Outdoor learning complements indoor learning by improving student performance and increasing student participation and enjoyment in science learning activities
Dhanapal, S., Lim, C. C. Y., (2013). A comparative study of the impacts and students' perceptions of indoor and outdoor learning in the science classroom. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 14(2),The effect of an animal-assisted reading program on the reading rate, accuracy and comprehension of grade 3 students: A randomized control study
Third grade students significantly improve reading comprehension and retention when reading with a dog in an animal-assisted reading program
le Roux, M. C., Swartz, L., Swart, E., (2014). The effect of an animal-assisted reading program on the reading rate, accuracy and comprehension of grade 3 students: A randomized control study. Child & Youth Care Forum, 43(6),Living animals in the classroom: A meta-analysis on learning outcome and a treatment-control study focusing on knowledge and motivation
Students' knowledge outcomes did not differ with a live animal present versus use of a film, but motivation to learn was enhanced with a live animal
Hummel, E., Randler, C., (2012). Living animals in the classroom: A meta-analysis on learning outcome and a treatment-control study focusing on knowledge and motivation. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21(1),Green schoolyards as havens from stress and resources for resilience in childhood and adolescence
Natural schoolyards decrease stress, strengthen attention, reduce behavior problems, and enhance factors associated with resilience in children of all ages
Chawla, L., Keena, K., Pevec, I., Stanley, E., (2014). Green schoolyards as havens from stress and resources for resilience in childhood and adolescence. Health & Place, 28,Learning biology and mathematics outdoors: Effects and attitudes in a Swedish high school context
Outdoor learning improves long-term memory of course content and increases positive student attitudes
Fägerstam, E., Blom, J., (2013). Learning biology and mathematics outdoors: Effects and attitudes in a Swedish high school context. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 13(1),The effect of a horseshoe crab citizen science program on middle school student science performance and STEM career motivation
Citizen science program for middle school students has positive effects with potential for STEM career motivation
Hiller, S. E., Kitsantas, A., (2014). The effect of a horseshoe crab citizen science program on middle school student science performance and STEM career motivation. School Science and Mathematics, 114(6),"Sowing and growing" life skills through garden-based learning to reengage disengaged youth
Garden-based intervention program promotes positive learning and behavioral outcomes for students disengaged from school
Truong, S., Gray, T., Ward, K., (2016). "Sowing and growing" life skills through garden-based learning to reengage disengaged youth. LEARNing Landscapes, 10(1),Diversity in the outdoors --National Outdoor Leadership School students' attitudes about wilderness
Wilderness attitudes of students with and without scholarship support are enhanced through National Outdoor Leadership School courses
Gress, S., Hall, T., (2017). Diversity in the outdoors --National Outdoor Leadership School students' attitudes about wilderness. Journal of Experiential EducationHow to sustainably increase students' willingness to protect pollinators
Direct interaction vs. webcam viewing of bees results in similar attitudes toward protecting bees, but direct interaction results in decreased fear in the short-term and increased well-being
Schonfelder, M.L., Bogner, F.X., (2017). How to sustainably increase students' willingness to protect pollinators. Environmental Education ResearchA young child's perspectives on outdoor play: A case study from Vancouver, British Columbia
Young children's perspectives of nature and environmental education are important elements of research
Beattie, A. E., (2015). A young child's perspectives on outdoor play: A case study from Vancouver, British Columbia. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 3(1),Education for sustainable development in early childhood education: A review of the research literature
A research review of early childhood education for sustainability illustrates teachers’ differing definitions and changes in practice over time
Hedefalk, M., Almqvist, J., Ostman, L., (2015). Education for sustainable development in early childhood education: A review of the research literature. Environmental Education Research, 21(7),Advancing sustainability through urban green space: Cultural ecosystem services, equity, and social determinants of health
More equitable access to urban green space may help alleviate health gaps between socio-economic groups
Jennings, V, Larson, L., Yun, J., (2016). Advancing sustainability through urban green space: Cultural ecosystem services, equity, and social determinants of health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(2)School-based experiential outdoor education - A neglected necessity
Outdoor education improves students’ engagement in and motivation for learning
James, J.K., Williams, T., (2017). School-based experiential outdoor education - A neglected necessity. Journal of Experiential Education, 40(1),Food for thought: The intersection of gardens, education, and community at Edible Schoolyard New Orleans
Edible schoolyard garden in New Orleans promotes students' food security, environmental knowledge, and emotional and social well-being
Fakharzadeh, S., (2015). Food for thought: The intersection of gardens, education, and community at Edible Schoolyard New Orleans. Children, Youth and Environments, 25(3),Playing with nature: Supporting preschoolers' creativity in natural outdoor classrooms
Natural outdoor classrooms promote preschoolers’ creativity in the areas of problem-solving and ingenuity
Kiewra, C., Veselack, E., (2016). Playing with nature: Supporting preschoolers' creativity in natural outdoor classrooms. The International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 4(1)Outdoor explorations with preschoolers: An observational study of young children's developing relationship with the natural world
Children’s understanding of the natural world develops through direct, positive experiences with nature, supported by adult guidance
McClain, C., Vandermaas-Peeler, M., (2016). Outdoor explorations with preschoolers: An observational study of young children's developing relationship with the natural world. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 4(1)Getting to know nature: Evaluating the effects of the Get to Know Program on children's connectedness to nature
The key to enhancing children’s connectedness with nature may be a focus on nature itself
Bruni, C.M., Winter, P.L., Schultz, P.W., Omoto, A.M., Tabanico, J.J., (2017). Getting to know nature: Evaluating the effects of the Get to Know Program on children's connectedness to nature. Environmental Education Research, 23(1),Honoring voices, inspiring futures: Young people's engagement in open space planning
Engaging children and youth in open space planning produces meaningful outcomes
Derr, V., Ruppi, H., Wagner, D., (2016). Honoring voices, inspiring futures: Young people's engagement in open space planning. Children, Youth and Environments, 26(2),Shifting gears: Engaging nurse practitioners in prescribing time outdoors
Nurse practitioners can serve as catalysts in promoting healthier lifestyles through Park Prescription initiatives
Wessel, L.A., (2017). Shifting gears: Engaging nurse practitioners in prescribing time outdoors. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 13(1),MADE POSSIBLE WITH SUPPORT FROM:
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