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School ground pedagogies for enriching children's outdoor learning
Outdoor learning can broaden and transform curriculum and pedagogy in place-oriented ways
Green, M., Rayner, M., (2020). School ground pedagogies for enriching children's outdoor learning. International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education,Beyond traditional school readiness: How nature preschools help prepare children for academic success
Nature preschools can be effective in promoting school readiness
Burgess, E., Ernst, J., (2020). Beyond traditional school readiness: How nature preschools help prepare children for academic success. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 7(2),The impact of nature-based education on health-related quality of life among low-income youth: Results from an intervention study
A school-based nature education program had a significant positive effect on the health-related quality of life of low-income youth
Sprague, N. L., Ekenga, C. C., (2021). The impact of nature-based education on health-related quality of life among low-income youth: Results from an intervention study. Journal of Public Health,Growing a garden-based approach to art education
Garden-based art education programs can promote environmental awareness and advocacy
Inwood, H., Sharpe, J., (2018). Growing a garden-based approach to art education. Art Education, 71(4),Place-based practice: Landscapes and artistic identity in an elementary art classroom
A pedagogy of place in art education may help students understand connections between the landscape and their sense of self
Neves, M., Graham, M. A., (2018). Place-based practice: Landscapes and artistic identity in an elementary art classroom. Art Education, 71(4),Educating through art, ecology, and ecojustice: A rain barrel project
Artmaking can help students address local ecological challenges
Miller, W., Cardamone, A., (2021). Educating through art, ecology, and ecojustice: A rain barrel project. Art Education, 71(1),Collaborating with theatre, nature, and STEM: A multigenerational family event
Nature and art-based community events can promote multigenerational family interactions
Reinking, A. K., Vetere III, M. J., Percell, J. C., (2017). Collaborating with theatre, nature, and STEM: A multigenerational family event. New Waves Educational Research & Development, 20(1),Balancing technology and outdoor learning: Implications for early childhood teacher educators
Balancing technology and outdoor learning can enhance early childhood education
Siskind, D., Conlin, D., Kim, S., Barnes, A., Yaya-Bryson, D., (2020). Balancing technology and outdoor learning: Implications for early childhood teacher educators. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher EducationAssessing challenges and opportunities for schools’ access to nature in England
Schools can mitigate children’s declining contact with nature, but various spatial, cultural, and social factors tend to impede the process
Walker, E., Bormpoudakis, D., Tzanopoulos, J., (2021). Assessing challenges and opportunities for schools’ access to nature in England. Urban Forestry & Urban GreeningGreen space in Chinese schools enhance children's environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior
School green space supports children’s pro-environmental behavior
Liu, W., Chen, J., (2021). Green space in Chinese schools enhance children's environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior. Children, Youth and Environments, 31(1),Reconfiguring relational space: A qualitative study of the benefits of caring for hens for the socio- emotional development of 5 – 9-year-old children in an urban junior school context of high socioeconomic exclusion
Caring for hens at school helped children facing socio-economic exclusion make social-emotional gains and develop awareness and respect for nature
Gilligan, C., Downes, P., (2021). Reconfiguring relational space: A qualitative study of the benefits of caring for hens for the socio- emotional development of 5 – 9-year-old children in an urban junior school context of high socioeconomic exclusion. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor LearningOutdoor play activities and outdoor environment of early childhood education in Turkey: A qualitative meta-synthesis
Preschool teachers in Turkey believe that outdoor activities contribute to child development, yet generally hesitate taking children outside
Ozturk, Y., Ozer, Z., (2022). Outdoor play activities and outdoor environment of early childhood education in Turkey: A qualitative meta-synthesis. Early Child Development and Care, 192(11),Meaning-making of student experiences during outdoor exploration time
Teachers and students identify multiple benefits of regular opportunities for self-directed outdoor learning
Berg, S., Bradford, B., Barrett, J., Robinson, D. B., Camara, F., Perry, T., (2021). Meaning-making of student experiences during outdoor exploration time. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 21(2),The outcomes of nature-based learning for primary school aged children: A systematic review of quantitative research
A systematic review of the literature highlights the potential positive impact of nature-based learning for primary school aged children
Miller, N. C., Kumar, S., Pearce, K. L., Baldock, K. L., (2021). The outcomes of nature-based learning for primary school aged children: A systematic review of quantitative research. Environmental Education Research, 27(8),Planting the seeds for nature-based learning: Impacts of a farm- and nature-based early childhood education program
Nature- and farm-based preschool programs have the potential to positively impact children and their families.
Rymanowicz, K., Hetherington, C., Larm, B., (2020). Planting the seeds for nature-based learning: Impacts of a farm- and nature-based early childhood education program. The International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 8(1),Nature connection in early childhood: A quantitative cross-sectional study
Attending a nature nursery is associated with higher nature connection
Barrable, A., Booth, D., (2020). Nature connection in early childhood: A quantitative cross-sectional study. Sustainability, 12(375)Supporting school readiness naturally: Exploring executive function growth in nature preschools
Children attending nature preschool showed growth in executive function skills beyond what would be expected in typically developing children
Zamzow, J., Ernst, J., (2020). Supporting school readiness naturally: Exploring executive function growth in nature preschools. The International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 7(2),Children's agency and action in nature preschool: A tale of two programs
Young children, with support of early childhood educators, have the ability to be meaningfully involved in ecologically sustainable practices
Konerman, R., Elliott, S., Pugh, R., Luthy, T., Carr, V., (2021). Children's agency and action in nature preschool: A tale of two programs. Children, Youth and Environments, 31(2),Finnish student teachers’ ideas of outdoor learning
Finnish student teachers’ ideas align with reforms promoting sustainability and outdoor learning
Ratinen, I., Sarivaara, E., Kuukkanen, P., (2021). Finnish student teachers’ ideas of outdoor learning. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor LearningThe importance of recognising and promoting independence in young children: The role of the environment and the Danish forest school approach
The forest school approach reflects theoretical understanding of young learners’ development of independence
Cerino, A., (2021). The importance of recognising and promoting independence in young children: The role of the environment and the Danish forest school approach. Education 3-13, 51(4),Comparing the impact of nature, blended, and traditional preschools on children's resilience: Some nature may be better than none
Preschool nature experiences support young children’s resilience
Ernst, J., Juckett, H., Sobel, D., (2021). Comparing the impact of nature, blended, and traditional preschools on children's resilience: Some nature may be better than none. Frontiers in Psychology, 12How to support young children's interest development during exploratory natural science activities in outdoor environments
Different interactional qualities of teachers are needed to support young children's interest in natural elements
Skalstad, I., Munkebye, E., (2022). How to support young children's interest development during exploratory natural science activities in outdoor environments. Teaching and Teacher Education, 120Nature-based early childhood education and children’s social, emotional and cognitive development: A mixed-methods systematic review
Nature-based early childhood education may support children’s growth in multiple areas of social, emotional, and cognitive development
Johnstone, A., Martin, A., Cordovil, R., Fjørtoft, I., Iivonen, S., Jidovtseff, B., Lopes, F., Reilly, J. J., Thomson, H., Wells, V., McCrorie, P., (2022). Nature-based early childhood education and children’s social, emotional and cognitive development: A mixed-methods systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19Nature-based instruction for science learning – a good fit for all: A controlled comparison of classroom versus nature
Nature-based instruction supports science learning for all students regardless of socioeconomic status
Faber Taylor, A., Butts-Wilmsmeyer, C., Jordan, C., (2022). Nature-based instruction for science learning – a good fit for all: A controlled comparison of classroom versus nature. Environmental Education ResearchHow does play in the outdoors afford opportunities for schema development in young children?
Loose parts in an outdoor environment can enhance children’s play and promote their holistic development.
Boulton, P., Thomas, A., (2022). How does play in the outdoors afford opportunities for schema development in young children?. International Journal of Play, 11(2),Naturally enough? Children, climate anxiety and the importance of hope
A pedagogy of hope encourages and supports children’s climate change activism
Buchanan, J., Pressick-Kilborn, K., Fergusson, J., (2021). Naturally enough? Children, climate anxiety and the importance of hope. The Social Educator, 39(3),Choice matters: Pupils' stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project
Education outside the classroom can have a positive effect on biological stress regulation
Dettweiler, U., Gerchen, M., Mall, C., Simon, P., Kirsch, P., (2022). Choice matters: Pupils' stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1),‘A new adventure’: A case study of autistic children at Forest School
Children with autism experience benefits and challenges during Forest School sessions
Friedman, S., Gibson, J., Jones, C., Hughes, C., (2022). ‘A new adventure’: A case study of autistic children at Forest School. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning“You don’t wanna teach little kids about climate change”: Beliefs and barriers to sustainability education in early childhood
Sustainability education at nature-based preschools in the United States is limited
Ginsburg, J.L., Audley, S., (2020). “You don’t wanna teach little kids about climate change”: Beliefs and barriers to sustainability education in early childhood. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 7(3),Affordances of small animals for young children: A path to environmental values of care
Affordances of small animals may promote sustainability goals for young children
Lerstrup, I., Chawla, L., Heft, H., (2021). Affordances of small animals for young children: A path to environmental values of care. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 9(1),Outdoor nature-based play in early learning and childcare centres: Identifying the determinants of implementation using causal loop diagrams and social network analysis
Educator confidence and agency, along with other key leveraging points, are crucial for optimal implementation of nature-based play
Zucca, C., McCrorie, P., Johnstone, A., Chambers, S., Chng, N. R., Traynor, O., Martin, A., (2023). Outdoor nature-based play in early learning and childcare centres: Identifying the determinants of implementation using causal loop diagrams and social network analysis. Health and Place, 79Nature-based early childhood activities as environmental education?: A review of Japanese and Australian perspectives
Guidelines and practices for nature-based activities with young children tend to lack a comprehensive approach to early childhood education for sustainability
Inoue, M., Elliott, S., Mitsuhashi, M., Kido, H., (2019). Nature-based early childhood activities as environmental education?: A review of Japanese and Australian perspectives. Japanese Journal of Environmental Education, 28(4)The impact of music making outdoors on primary school aged pupils (aged 7–10 years) in the soundscape of nature from the perspective of their primary school teachers
The benefits of outdoor activities in nature may go beyond what can be achieved in school
Adams, D., Beauchamp, G., (2021). The impact of music making outdoors on primary school aged pupils (aged 7–10 years) in the soundscape of nature from the perspective of their primary school teachers. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 24,Teachers as learners: Outdoor elementary science
Outdoor Science Education program helps teachers learn science as 5th graders learn science
Carrier, S. J., Fraulo, A. B., Peterson, M. N., Stevenson, K. T., Romeo, L. M., (2023). Teachers as learners: Outdoor elementary science. Electronic Journal for Research in Science & Mathematics Education, 27(2),“We do it anyway”: Professional identities of teachers who enact risky play as a framework for education outdoors
Teachers’ opportunities for mentorship are essential to risky outdoor play and learning in schools
Zeni, M., Schnellert, L., Brussoni, M., (2023). “We do it anyway”: Professional identities of teachers who enact risky play as a framework for education outdoors. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental EducationEnable, reconnect and augment: A new ERA of virtual nature research and application
Immersive virtual nature experiences may enhance human-nature interactions and improve public health
Litleskare, S., MacIntyre, T. E., Calogiuri, G., (2020). Enable, reconnect and augment: A new ERA of virtual nature research and application. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5)Methodological considerations for movement education interventions in natural environments for primary school children: A scoping review
Learning in nature is a feasible intervention for promoting positive learning outcomes for children
Petrigna, L., Thomas, E., Scardina, A., Rizzo, F., Brusa, J., Camarazza, G., Galassi, C., Palma, A., Bellafiore, M., (2022). Methodological considerations for movement education interventions in natural environments for primary school children: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19Teacher and parent perception of biophilic conditions in primary-school environments and their impact on children’s wellbeing
Teachers with numerous biophilic elements in their schools report favorable views of biophilic design’s impact on learning
Lanzaro, B., Ucci, M., (2024). Teacher and parent perception of biophilic conditions in primary-school environments and their impact on children’s wellbeing. Architecture, 4(2)Empathy capacity-building through a community of practice approach: Exploring perceived impacts and implications
A community of practice approach can enhance educators’ capacity for developing young children’s empathy for nature
Ernst, J., Underwood, C., Wojciehowski, M., Nayquonabe, T., (2024). Empathy capacity-building through a community of practice approach: Exploring perceived impacts and implications. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Garden, 5,Navigating approaches to “thinking with”: A discussion of the practicalities of posthuman research involving young children
Forest school research highlights 3 post-humanist approaches to study child-nature relationships
Boileau, B. Y. S., (2024). Navigating approaches to “thinking with”: A discussion of the practicalities of posthuman research involving young children. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 40,Interdisciplinary nature journaling improves mood and helps build connection in middle school students
Nature journaling supports students’ well-being and environmental awareness
Arbor, R. N., Matteson, K., (2024). Interdisciplinary nature journaling improves mood and helps build connection in middle school students. Environmental Education Research, 37(4),Practitioner perspectives on nature-based learning for autistic children
Nature-based learning can promote the well-being of autistic children by affirming and supporting their way of learning
Friedman, S., Morrison, S. A., Shibata, A., (2024). Practitioner perspectives on nature-based learning for autistic children. The Journal of Environmental EducationAttending 12 weekly sessions of Forest School sessions improves mood and cooperation in 7–8- year-old children
Forest School participation is beneficial for children’s mood and cooperation.
Hepworth, A., Haddad, H., Edmonds, C. J., (2024). Attending 12 weekly sessions of Forest School sessions improves mood and cooperation in 7–8- year-old children. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor LearningSupporting young children’s self-regulation through nature-based practices in preschool
Nature-based practices may help children from disadvantaged backgrounds develop self-regulation and attention skills
Ernst, J., Stelley, H., (2024). Supporting young children’s self-regulation through nature-based practices in preschool. Behavioral Sciences, 14Turning science lessons inside out: Professional development for elementary school teachers’ outdoor instruction
Elementary teachers need continued administrative support to take science out to the schoolyard
Fiocca, S., Carrier, S. J., McGowan, J., (2024). Turning science lessons inside out: Professional development for elementary school teachers’ outdoor instruction. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education and Leadership, 16(4),Effects of school‐led greenspace interventions on mental, physical and social wellbeing in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Engaging with nature in educational settings can improve students’ well-being for optimal learning experiences
Ly, V., Vella‐Brodrick,, D. A., (2024). Effects of school‐led greenspace interventions on mental, physical and social wellbeing in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Educational Psychology Review, 36(133)Seeing the forest through the trees: at the intersection of Forest Kindergartens and art-based environmental education
Art-based environmental education can provide empowering opportunities for children to make their own ecological discoveries
Hunter-Doniger, T., (2021). Seeing the forest through the trees: at the intersection of Forest Kindergartens and art-based environmental education. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 21(3),The value of outdoor environmental education programs for girls and youth of color: cultivating positive dispositions toward science and the environment
Girls and youth of color experienced the largest gains in their dispositions toward science and the environment through participation in outdoor environmental education
Collins, M. A., Romero, V. F., Young, A., Dorph, R., Foreman, J., Strang, C., Pande, A., Laina, V., (2025). The value of outdoor environmental education programs for girls and youth of color: cultivating positive dispositions toward science and the environment. Environmental Education ResearchFrom seeds to harvest in seven weeks: Project-based learning with Latina girls and their parents
Family-centered, culturally responsive garden-based learning supports Latina girls’ engagement and science identity development
Rillero, P., Jiménez-Silva, M., Short-Meyerson, K., Rillero, K. M., (2025). From seeds to harvest in seven weeks: Project-based learning with Latina girls and their parents. Education Sciences, 15(246)MADE POSSIBLE WITH SUPPORT FROM:
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