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The teacher’s role for engagement in foraging and gardening activities in kindergarten
Early childhood educators nurture young children’s enthusiasm for learning in nature
Bergan, V., Nylund, M. B., Midtbø, I. L., Paulsen, B. H. L., (2023). The teacher’s role for engagement in foraging and gardening activities in kindergarten. Environmental Education ResearchOutdoor nature-based play in early learning and childcare centres: Identifying the determinants of implementation using causal loop diagrams and social network analysis
Educator confidence and agency, along with other key leveraging points, are crucial for optimal implementation of nature-based play
Zucca, C., McCrorie, P., Johnstone, A., Chambers, S., Chng, N. R., Traynor, O., Martin, A., (2023). Outdoor nature-based play in early learning and childcare centres: Identifying the determinants of implementation using causal loop diagrams and social network analysis. Health and Place, 79Nature-based early childhood activities as environmental education?: A review of Japanese and Australian perspectives
Guidelines and practices for nature-based activities with young children tend to lack a comprehensive approach to early childhood education for sustainability
Inoue, M., Elliott, S., Mitsuhashi, M., Kido, H., (2019). Nature-based early childhood activities as environmental education?: A review of Japanese and Australian perspectives. Japanese Journal of Environmental Education, 28(4)‘Becoming-with bees’: Generating affect and response-abilities with the dying bees in early childhood education
A theatrical performance could be an effective tool for addressing sustainability issues in early childhood
Weldemariam, K., (2020). ‘Becoming-with bees’: Generating affect and response-abilities with the dying bees in early childhood education. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 41(3),Developing sense of place through a place-based Indigenous education for sustainable development curriculum
A sustainable development curriculum developed in collaboration with an Indigenous community increased students’ sense of place
Li, Wei-Ting, Shein, Paichi Pat, (2023). Developing sense of place through a place-based Indigenous education for sustainable development curriculum. Environmental Education Research, 29(5),Elementary students’ ‘outdoor – digital’ explorations in ecology - learning through chains of transduction
Children’s learning across natural and digital environments supports developing eco-literacy
Caiman, C., Kjällander, S., (2024). Elementary students’ ‘outdoor – digital’ explorations in ecology - learning through chains of transduction. Environmental Education Research, 30(1),The effectiveness of a community-based playgroup in inspiring positive changes in the environmental attitudes and behaviours of children and their parents: A qualitative case study
Playgroups inspire pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors for both children and their caregivers
Mintoff, Z., Andersen, P., Warren, J., Elliott, S., Nicholson, C., Byfield-Fleming, H., Barber, F., (2023). The effectiveness of a community-based playgroup in inspiring positive changes in the environmental attitudes and behaviours of children and their parents: A qualitative case study. Australian Journal of Environmental EducationA greening theory of change: How neighborhood greening impacts adolescent health disparities
Neighborhood greening may improve adolescent health and reduce health disparities
Kondo, M. C., Locke, D., Hazer, M., Mendelson, T., Fix, R. L., Joshi, A., Latshaw, M., Fry, D., Mmari, K., (2024). A greening theory of change: How neighborhood greening impacts adolescent health disparities. American Journal of Community PsychologyEco-capabilities: Arts-in-nature for supporting nature visibilisation and wellbeing in children
An arts-in-nature program helps children connect with nature and appreciate nature’s contribution to their own wellbeing
Walshe, N., Perry, J., Moula, Z., (2023). Eco-capabilities: Arts-in-nature for supporting nature visibilisation and wellbeing in children. Sustainability, 15(16)The association between natural environments and childhood mental health and development: A systematic review and assessment of different exposure measurements
Children’s exposure to natural environments is associated with positive mental health outcomes but the overall evidence is limited by methodological differences
Davis, Z., Guhn, M., Jarvis, I., Jarrett, M., Nesbitt, L., Oberlander, T., Sbihi, H., Su, J., van den Bosch, M., (2021). The association between natural environments and childhood mental health and development: A systematic review and assessment of different exposure measurements. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 235Associations between nature exposure and health: A review of the evidence
Nature is connected to a wide array of health benefits for children and youth
Jimenez, M. P., DeVille, N. V., Elliott, E. G., Schiff, J. E., Wilt, G. E., Hart, J. E., James, P., (2021). Associations between nature exposure and health: A review of the evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9)Methodological considerations for movement education interventions in natural environments for primary school children: A scoping review
Learning in nature is a feasible intervention for promoting positive learning outcomes for children
Petrigna, L., Thomas, E., Scardina, A., Rizzo, F., Brusa, J., Camarazza, G., Galassi, C., Palma, A., Bellafiore, M., (2022). Methodological considerations for movement education interventions in natural environments for primary school children: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19Systematic review: Neurodevelopmental benefits of active/passive school exposure to green and/or blue spaces in children and adolescents
Nature in the school environment supports children’s and adolescents’ healthy neurodevelopment
Díaz-Martínez, F., Sánchez-Sauco, M. F., Cabrera-Rivera, L. T., Ojeda Sánchez , C., Hidalgo-Albadalejo, M. D., Claudio, L., Ortega-García, J. A., (2023). Systematic review: Neurodevelopmental benefits of active/passive school exposure to green and/or blue spaces in children and adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20Teacher and parent perception of biophilic conditions in primary-school environments and their impact on children’s wellbeing
Teachers with numerous biophilic elements in their schools report favorable views of biophilic design’s impact on learning
Lanzaro, B., Ucci, M., (2024). Teacher and parent perception of biophilic conditions in primary-school environments and their impact on children’s wellbeing. Architecture, 4(2)Empathy capacity-building through a community of practice approach: Exploring perceived impacts and implications
A community of practice approach can enhance educators’ capacity for developing young children’s empathy for nature
Ernst, J., Underwood, C., Wojciehowski, M., Nayquonabe, T., (2024). Empathy capacity-building through a community of practice approach: Exploring perceived impacts and implications. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Garden, 5,Does exposure to greenness improve children’s neuropsychological development and mental health? A Navigation Guide systematic review of observational evidence for associations
Children with more green space around their home, school, and neighborhood have better neuropsychological and mental health outcomes
Luque-García, L., Corrales, A., Lertxundi, A., Díaz, S., Ibarluzea, J., (2022). Does exposure to greenness improve children’s neuropsychological development and mental health? A Navigation Guide systematic review of observational evidence for associations. Environmental Research, 206Link of outdoor exposure in daycare with attentional control and academic achievement in adolescence: Examining cognitive and social pathways
Time spent outdoors in early childhood may offer long-term benefits for children’s social, cognitive, and academic functioning
Ulset, V. S., Borge, A. I. H., Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., Bekkhus, M., (2023). Link of outdoor exposure in daycare with attentional control and academic achievement in adolescence: Examining cognitive and social pathways. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 85Outcomes of biophilic design for schools
Biophilic design interventions can enhance learning and improve teacher retention, student attendance and behavior
Browning, W., Determan, J., (2024). Outcomes of biophilic design for schools. Architecture, 4,The biophilic school: A critical synthesis of evidence-based systematic literature reviews
Biophilic design can make schools healthier places for teaching and learning
Fisher, K., (2024). The biophilic school: A critical synthesis of evidence-based systematic literature reviews. Architecture, 4,Impact of youth education on green stormwater infrastructure recommendations to increase equity and resilience in marginalized communities
Youth involvement in infrastructure planning in response to climate change can benefit both the youth and the community
Reckner, M., Tien, I., Smith, S., Omunga, P., Alemdar, M., Hyde, A., (2024). Impact of youth education on green stormwater infrastructure recommendations to increase equity and resilience in marginalized communities. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 150(9)Exploring children’s participation in the framework of early childhood environmental education
Environmental education can engage young children as equal partners through participatory approaches
Tsevreni, I., Tigka, A., Christidou, V., (2023). Exploring children’s participation in the framework of early childhood environmental education. Children's Geographies, 21(3),Connecting children to nature through the integration of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge into early childhood environmental education
Integrating Indigenous Ecological Knowledge into early childhood environmental education can deepen young children’s connectedness to nature
Acharibasam, J. B., McVittie, J., (2023). Connecting children to nature through the integration of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge into early childhood environmental education. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 39,Navigating approaches to “thinking with”: A discussion of the practicalities of posthuman research involving young children
Forest school research highlights 3 post-humanist approaches to study child-nature relationships
Boileau, B. Y. S., (2024). Navigating approaches to “thinking with”: A discussion of the practicalities of posthuman research involving young children. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 40,Practitioner perspectives on nature-based learning for autistic children
Nature-based learning can promote the well-being of autistic children by affirming and supporting their way of learning
Friedman, S., Morrison, S. A., Shibata, A., (2024). Practitioner perspectives on nature-based learning for autistic children. The Journal of Environmental EducationAttending 12 weekly sessions of Forest School sessions improves mood and cooperation in 7–8- year-old children
Forest School participation is beneficial for children’s mood and cooperation.
Hepworth, A., Haddad, H., Edmonds, C. J., (2024). Attending 12 weekly sessions of Forest School sessions improves mood and cooperation in 7–8- year-old children. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor LearningBiophilic campus: An emerging planning approach for a sustainable innovation-conducive university
A theoretical framework for university campus design intertwines biophilia, sustainability and innovative learning opportunities
Abdelaal, M. S., (2019). Biophilic campus: An emerging planning approach for a sustainable innovation-conducive university. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215,Supporting young children’s self-regulation through nature-based practices in preschool
Nature-based practices may help children from disadvantaged backgrounds develop self-regulation and attention skills
Ernst, J., Stelley, H., (2024). Supporting young children’s self-regulation through nature-based practices in preschool. Behavioral Sciences, 14Children’s moral judgments and reasoning regarding environmentally harmful behaviors: Variation by victim type and moderation effect of connectedness to nature
Connectedness to nature affects children’s understanding and interpretation of environmentally harmful behaviors
Hye-Jung, C., Naya, C., (2024). Children’s moral judgments and reasoning regarding environmentally harmful behaviors: Variation by victim type and moderation effect of connectedness to nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology“It’s the only world we’ve got.” Children’s responses to Chris Jordan’s Images about SDG 14: Life below water
Environmental artworks can enhance children’s learning about sustainability
O'Gorman, L., (2024). “It’s the only world we’ve got.” Children’s responses to Chris Jordan’s Images about SDG 14: Life below water. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 40,Painting trees in the wind: socio-material ambiguity and sustainability politics in early childhood education with refugee children in Denmark
An art activity with immigrant children, promoting simultaneous immersion in and detachment from nature, questions dominant early childhood pedagogy in Denmark
Jørgensen, N. J., Martiny-Bruun, A., (2020). Painting trees in the wind: socio-material ambiguity and sustainability politics in early childhood education with refugee children in Denmark. Environmental Education Research, 26(9-10),Seeing the forest through the trees: at the intersection of Forest Kindergartens and art-based environmental education
Art-based environmental education can provide empowering opportunities for children to make their own ecological discoveries
Hunter-Doniger, T., (2021). Seeing the forest through the trees: at the intersection of Forest Kindergartens and art-based environmental education. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 21(3),Enhancing preschoolers’ creativity through art-based environmental education for sustainability
Art-based environmental education engages young children’s creative thinking around sustainability issues
Kalafati, M., Flogaiti, E., Daskolia, M., (2025). Enhancing preschoolers’ creativity through art-based environmental education for sustainability. Environmental Education Research, 31(1),Eco-Capabilities as a Pathway to Wellbeing and Sustainability
Arts in nature can strengthen economically disadvantaged students’ well-being and environmentally sustainable behaviors
Walshe, N., Moula, Z., Lee, E., (2022). Eco-Capabilities as a Pathway to Wellbeing and Sustainability. Sustainability, 14(3582)Effects of a school-based garden program on academic performance: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Participation in a garden-based learning intervention improved fourth graders’ standardized reading test scores
Davis, J. N., Nikah, K., Landry, M, J,, Vandyousefi, S., Ghaddar, R., Jeans, M., Cooper, M. H., Martin, B., Waugh, L., Sharma, S. V., van den Berg, A. E., (2023). Effects of a school-based garden program on academic performance: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 123(4),How learning gardens foster well-being and development through the promotion of purposeful play in early childhood and beyond
Encouraging play in school gardens may support a state of well-being that is optimal for learning
Pope, E., Marston, S. A., Thompson, M., Larson, S., (2023). How learning gardens foster well-being and development through the promotion of purposeful play in early childhood and beyond. Theory into Practice, 62(2),Fostering diversity and participation with school gardens: Examining possibilities and challenges under different national educational policies
Physical and sensory dimensions of school gardens may reduce barriers to participation and engagement
Carvalho, A. E., Blanc, S., Aguiar, M., Torres, A. C., (2024). Fostering diversity and participation with school gardens: Examining possibilities and challenges under different national educational policies. Educational Process, 13(2),“We are all interconnected.”: Relationships and hierarchies among preschool teachers’ conceptions of early childhood education for sustainability
Pre-school teachers connect sustainability in education to the care and protection of our world
Navarrete, A. M. L., (2025). “We are all interconnected.”: Relationships and hierarchies among preschool teachers’ conceptions of early childhood education for sustainability. Journal of Early Childhood ResearchThe benefits of school recess: A Systematic Review
School recess supports an array of academic, cognitive, behavior and emotional, physical health, and social well-being benefits
Hodges, V. C., Centeio, E. E., Morgan, C. F., (2022). The benefits of school recess: A Systematic Review. Journal of School Health, 92(10),Leveling the Playing Field: Opportunities for School Recess to Promote Wellness and Reduce Disparities in Elementary School Children
Students in lower-income communities tend to have less daily recess and are at greater risk of having recess withheld
Konduru, D., Lowrey, K. M., Hager, E. R., (2025). Leveling the Playing Field: Opportunities for School Recess to Promote Wellness and Reduce Disparities in Elementary School Children. American Journal of Health PromotionEffect of nature on the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents: meta-review
Meta-review highlights the need for high-quality research to strengthen the evidence of nature’s impact on mental health and well-being
Lomax, T., Butler, J., Cirpriani, A., Singh, I., (2024). Effect of nature on the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents: meta-review. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 225,‘Can we see our voices?’ Young children’s own contributions to authentic child participation as a pillar for sustainability under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
A child rights-based participatory approach to climate education should support children’s authentic and meaningful participation
Ranta, M., (2023). ‘Can we see our voices?’ Young children’s own contributions to authentic child participation as a pillar for sustainability under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 31(6),Early childhood educators’ professional learning for sustainability through action research in Australian immersive nature play programmes
Early childhood educators' shifts towards relational pedagogies acknowledged nature's rights and agency
Hughes, F., (2023). Early childhood educators’ professional learning for sustainability through action research in Australian immersive nature play programmes. Educational Research for Social Change, 12(1),The family-nature-school success pathway: Longitudinal mediation by nature contact and moderation by residential green space
Increased nature contact explains the relationship between family members’ positive attitudes toward nature and improved learning outcomes among urban children in China
Zhang, J., Yang, X., Qi, Y., Yu, X., Chen, Y., (2026). The family-nature-school success pathway: Longitudinal mediation by nature contact and moderation by residential green space. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 109An exploratory study of preschool children at forest schools and traditional nurseries in Portugal and the UK
Preschoolers who attend forest school may experience greater enjoyment of nature, fewer negative emotions, and better emotional regulation
Pina, M., Edmonds, C. J., (2025). An exploratory study of preschool children at forest schools and traditional nurseries in Portugal and the UK. International Journal of Early Years EducationJourneys through forest school: a model for understanding diverse educational experiences of children
Theoretical model suggests that forest school can meet the unique needs of each student
Harris, F., (2026). Journeys through forest school: a model for understanding diverse educational experiences of children. Environmental Education Research, 32(2),Unearthing forest pedagogies: Autoethnographic encounters within critical forest studies
Children’s and parents’ forest school encounters reveal a forest-led pedagogy
Chartrand, M., (2026). Unearthing forest pedagogies: Autoethnographic encounters within critical forest studies. Australian Journal of Environmental EducationMADE POSSIBLE WITH SUPPORT FROM:
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