School ground pedagogies for enriching children's outdoor learning

Outdoor learning can broaden and transform curriculum and pedagogy in place-oriented ways

Green, M., Rayner, M., (2020). School ground pedagogies for enriching children's outdoor learning. International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education, 3-13.

The impact of nature-based education on health-related quality of life among low-income youth: Results from an intervention study

A school-based nature education program had a significant positive effect on the health-related quality of life of low-income youth

Sprague, N. L., Ekenga, C. C., (2021). The impact of nature-based education on health-related quality of life among low-income youth: Results from an intervention study. Journal of Public Health, 1-8.

Growing a garden-based approach to art education

Garden-based art education programs can promote environmental awareness and advocacy

Inwood, H., Sharpe, J., (2018). Growing a garden-based approach to art education. Art Education, 71(4), 43-49.

Place-based practice: Landscapes and artistic identity in an elementary art classroom

A pedagogy of place in art education may help students understand connections between the landscape and their sense of self

Neves, M., Graham, M. A., (2018). Place-based practice: Landscapes and artistic identity in an elementary art classroom. Art Education, 71(4), 36-42.

Educating through art, ecology, and ecojustice: A rain barrel project

Artmaking can help students address local ecological challenges

Miller, W., Cardamone, A., (2021). Educating through art, ecology, and ecojustice: A rain barrel project. Art Education, 71(1), 40-45.

Fostering connections to nature - Strategies for community college early childhood teachers

Nature-focused activities embedded in a preservice teacher program can promote knowledge, skills, and dispositions for early childhood nature education

Murphy, D., (2017). Fostering connections to nature - Strategies for community college early childhood teachers. The New Educator, 13(3), 195-206.

Collaborating with theatre, nature, and STEM: A multigenerational family event

Nature and art-based community events can promote multigenerational family interactions

Reinking, A. K., Vetere III, M. J., Percell, J. C., (2017). Collaborating with theatre, nature, and STEM: A multigenerational family event. New Waves Educational Research & Development, 20(1), 23-37.

Balancing technology and outdoor learning: Implications for early childhood teacher educators

Balancing technology and outdoor learning can enhance early childhood education

Siskind, D., Conlin, D., Kim, S., Barnes, A., Yaya-Bryson, D., (2020). Balancing technology and outdoor learning: Implications for early childhood teacher educators. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education

Green schoolyards in low-income urban neighborhoods: Natural spaces for positive youth development outcomes

Increases in activity and social interaction linked to schoolyard greening in low-income neighborhoods were maintained over time

Bates, C. R., Bohnert, A. M., Gerstein, D. E., (2018). Green schoolyards in low-income urban neighborhoods: Natural spaces for positive youth development outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, 9

Outcomes of art-based environmental education in the Hudson River Watershed

An arts-based environmental education program increases students’ environmental knowledge and provides an avenue for advocacy

Schneller, A. J., Harrison, L. M., Adelman, J., Post, S., (2021). Outcomes of art-based environmental education in the Hudson River Watershed. Applied Environmental Education and Communication, 20(1), 19-33.

Parental perspectives on green schoolyards: Advantages outweigh disadvantages, but willingness to help is limited

Parents consider the advantages of green schoolyards to outweigh the disadvantages, but cite lack of time as a barrier to their more active involvement.

van Dijk-Wesselius, J. E., Having, D., de Koning, M., Maas, J., van den Berg, A. E., (2021). Parental perspectives on green schoolyards: Advantages outweigh disadvantages, but willingness to help is limited. Children's Geographies, 19(2), 145-157.

Assessing challenges and opportunities for schools’ access to nature in England

Schools can mitigate children’s declining contact with nature, but various spatial, cultural, and social factors tend to impede the process

Walker, E., Bormpoudakis, D., Tzanopoulos, J., (2021). Assessing challenges and opportunities for schools’ access to nature in England. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Green space in Chinese schools enhance children's environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior

School green space supports children’s pro-environmental behavior

Liu, W., Chen, J., (2021). Green space in Chinese schools enhance children's environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior. Children, Youth and Environments, 31(1), 55-87.

Reconfiguring relational space: A qualitative study of the benefits of caring for hens for the socio- emotional development of 5 – 9-year-old children in an urban junior school context of high socioeconomic exclusion

Caring for hens at school helped children facing socio-economic exclusion make social-emotional gains and develop awareness and respect for nature

Gilligan, C., Downes, P., (2021). Reconfiguring relational space: A qualitative study of the benefits of caring for hens for the socio- emotional development of 5 – 9-year-old children in an urban junior school context of high socioeconomic exclusion. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning

Evaluating a green schoolyard transformation: A protocol utilizing the RE-AIM framework

Use of a field-tested evaluation protocol can augment the evidence base for the green schoolyard movement as a health-promotion strategy

Gerstein, D. E., Bates, C. R., Bohnert, A. M., (2021). Evaluating a green schoolyard transformation: A protocol utilizing the RE-AIM framework. Children, Youth and Environments, 31(1), 187-198.

The physical characteristics of children's preferred natural settings in primary school grounds

The type, context, and condition of natural settings should be considered in the design and management of school grounds

Aminpour, F., (2021). The physical characteristics of children's preferred natural settings in primary school grounds. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Potential effects of school garden on students' knowledge, attitude and experience: A pilot project on sixth grade students in Iran

School gardens can positively impact students' knowledge and attitude, and help them gain valuable experiences

Amiri, A., Geravandi, S., Rostami, F., (2021). Potential effects of school garden on students' knowledge, attitude and experience: A pilot project on sixth grade students in Iran. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

The school garden: A social and emotional place

Garden-based learning may promote positive emotions and cooperative behavior

Pollin, S., Retzlaff-Fürst, C., (2021). The school garden: A social and emotional place. Frontiers in Psychology, 12

Renaturing the city: Factors contributing to upscaling green schoolyards in Amsterdam and The Hague

A combination of factors presents barriers to the successful up-scaling of green schoolyards

Giezen, M., Pellerey, V., (2021). Renaturing the city: Factors contributing to upscaling green schoolyards in Amsterdam and The Hague. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 63

Outdoor play activities and outdoor environment of early childhood education in Turkey: A qualitative meta-synthesis

Preschool teachers in Turkey believe that outdoor activities contribute to child development, yet generally hesitate taking children outside

Ozturk, Y., Ozer, Z., (2022). Outdoor play activities and outdoor environment of early childhood education in Turkey: A qualitative meta-synthesis. Early Child Development and Care, 192(11), 1752-1767.

Meaning-making of student experiences during outdoor exploration time

Teachers and students identify multiple benefits of regular opportunities for self-directed outdoor learning

Berg, S., Bradford, B., Barrett, J., Robinson, D. B., Camara, F., Perry, T., (2021). Meaning-making of student experiences during outdoor exploration time. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 21(2), 172-183.

Increased exposure to nature reduces elementary students’ anxiety

A nature-based guidance program was effective at reducing anxiety among third grade students

Rıan, S. W., Coll, K. M., (2021). Increased exposure to nature reduces elementary students’ anxiety. Ecopsychology

Educators' intentions for learning in virtual school garden exchanges: A comparison with the aims of education for sustainable development

Virtual school garden exchange offers an approach to education for sustainable development that uses technology to support global partnerships

Lochner, J., (2021). Educators' intentions for learning in virtual school garden exchanges: A comparison with the aims of education for sustainable development. Environmental Education Research, 27(8), 1172-1191.

The outcomes of nature-based learning for primary school aged children: A systematic review of quantitative research

A systematic review of the literature highlights the potential positive impact of nature-based learning for primary school aged children

Miller, N. C., Kumar, S., Pearce, K. L., Baldock, K. L., (2021). The outcomes of nature-based learning for primary school aged children: A systematic review of quantitative research. Environmental Education Research, 27(8), 1115-1140.

Planting the seeds for nature-based learning: Impacts of a farm- and nature-based early childhood education program

Nature- and farm-based preschool programs have the potential to positively impact children and their families.

Rymanowicz, K., Hetherington, C., Larm, B., (2020). Planting the seeds for nature-based learning: Impacts of a farm- and nature-based early childhood education program. The International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 8(1), 44-63.

From boats to bushes: Environmental elements supportive of children’s sociodramatic play outdoors

Specific features of outdoor spaces support greater frequency and complexity of preschoolers’ sociodramatic play

Robertson, N., Morrissey, A., Moore, D., (2019). From boats to bushes: Environmental elements supportive of children’s sociodramatic play outdoors. Children's Geographies

Outdoor education in Italian kindergartens: How teachers perceive child developmental trajactories

Outdoor education activities seem to offer greater opportunities than indoor activities for promoting young children’s development

Agostini, F., Minelli, M., Mandolesi, R., (2018). Outdoor education in Italian kindergartens: How teachers perceive child developmental trajactories. Frontiers in Psychology, 9

Children's agency and action in nature preschool: A tale of two programs

Young children, with support of early childhood educators, have the ability to be meaningfully involved in ecologically sustainable practices

Konerman, R., Elliott, S., Pugh, R., Luthy, T., Carr, V., (2021). Children's agency and action in nature preschool: A tale of two programs. Children, Youth and Environments, 31(2), 139-150.

Exploring geographical, curricular, and demographic factors of nature use by children in urban schoolyards in Raleigh, NC, USA

Simply providing nature-rich areas in schoolyards cannot guarantee the use of natural spaces by children and teachers

Zhang, Z., Stevenson, K. T., Martin, K. L., (2021). Exploring geographical, curricular, and demographic factors of nature use by children in urban schoolyards in Raleigh, NC, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 65

Nature and children's health: A systematic review

Positive associations between nature contact and children’s health supports advocacy for equitable nature access

Fyfe-Johnson, A. L., Hazlehurst, M. F., Perrins, S. P., Bratman, G. N., Thomas, R., Garrett, K. A., Hafferty, K. R., Cullaz, T. M., Marcuse, E. K., Tandon, P. S., (2021). Nature and children's health: A systematic review. Pediatrics, 148(4)

Finnish student teachers’ ideas of outdoor learning

Finnish student teachers’ ideas align with reforms promoting sustainability and outdoor learning

Ratinen, I., Sarivaara, E., Kuukkanen, P., (2021). Finnish student teachers’ ideas of outdoor learning. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning

Green schoolyard renovations in low‐income urban neighborhoods: Benefits to students, schools, and the surrounding community

Green schoolyards may be “particularly powerful drivers of health equity by promoting well‐being at the level of the individual, school, and community.”

Bohnert, A. M., Nicholson, L. M., Mertz, L., Bates, C. R., Gerstein, D. E., (2021). Green schoolyard renovations in low‐income urban neighborhoods: Benefits to students, schools, and the surrounding community. American Journal of Community Psychology, 1-11.

Pedagogies of outdoor spaces: An early childhood educator professional learning journey

Some early childhood educators may need extended professional development to help them appreciate the value of nature-rich environments for young children

Wishart, L., Rouse, E., (2019). Pedagogies of outdoor spaces: An early childhood educator professional learning journey. Early Child Development and Care, 189(14), 2284-2298.

Equally green? Understanding the distribution of urban green infrastructure across student demographics in four public school districts in North Carolina, USA

Schools can help mitigate environmental injustices suffered by low-income, high minority communities by increasing greenness on their property

Zhang, Z., Martin, K. L., Stevenson, K. T., Yao, Y., (2021). Equally green? Understanding the distribution of urban green infrastructure across student demographics in four public school districts in North Carolina, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 67

Use of gardening programs as an intervention to increase children’s visual-motor integration

Male preschoolers may respond especially well to gardening programs in developing visual-motor integration

Sommerfeld, A. J., McFarland, A., Waliczek, T. M., Zajicek, J., (2021). Use of gardening programs as an intervention to increase children’s visual-motor integration. HortTechnology, 31(5)

Engaging school and family in Navajo gardening for health: Development of the Yéego intervention to promote healthy eating among Navajo children

Integrating Navajo traditions into the school’s nutrition and gardening lessons may help reduce obesity among Navajo children

Ornelas, I. J., Rudd, K., Bishop, S., Deschenie, D., Brown, E. Fred, Lombard, K., Beresford, S. A. A., (2021). Engaging school and family in Navajo gardening for health: Development of the Yéego intervention to promote healthy eating among Navajo children. Health Behavior and Policy Review, 8(3), 212-222.

Vegetation cover within and around schools in Santiago de Chile: Are schools helping to mitigate urban vegetation inequalities?

Schools in Santiago, Chile mimic the vegetation inequalities seen throughout the city

Fernández, I.C., Pérez-Silva, R., Villalobos-Araya, E., (2022). Vegetation cover within and around schools in Santiago de Chile: Are schools helping to mitigate urban vegetation inequalities?. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 70

How to support young children's interest development during exploratory natural science activities in outdoor environments

Different interactional qualities of teachers are needed to support young children's interest in natural elements

Skalstad, I., Munkebye, E., (2022). How to support young children's interest development during exploratory natural science activities in outdoor environments. Teaching and Teacher Education, 120

Getting out of the classroom and into nature: A systematic review of nature-specific outdoor learning on school children's learning and development

Nature-specific learning outside the classroom has measurable socio-emotional, academic and wellbeing benefits for school children across all ages

Mann, J., Gray, T., Truong, S., Brymer, E., Passy, R., Ho, S., Sahlberg, P., Ward, K., Bentsen, P., Curry, C., Cowper, R., (2022). Getting out of the classroom and into nature: A systematic review of nature-specific outdoor learning on school children's learning and development. Frontiers in Public Health, 10

Nature-based early childhood education and children’s social, emotional and cognitive development: A mixed-methods systematic review

Nature-based early childhood education may support children’s growth in multiple areas of social, emotional, and cognitive development

Johnstone, A., Martin, A., Cordovil, R., Fjørtoft, I., Iivonen, S., Jidovtseff, B., Lopes, F., Reilly, J. J., Thomson, H., Wells, V., McCrorie, P., (2022). Nature-based early childhood education and children’s social, emotional and cognitive development: A mixed-methods systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19

Nature-based instruction for science learning – a good fit for all: A controlled comparison of classroom versus nature

Nature-based instruction supports science learning for all students regardless of socioeconomic status

Faber Taylor, A., Butts-Wilmsmeyer, C., Jordan, C., (2022). Nature-based instruction for science learning – a good fit for all: A controlled comparison of classroom versus nature. Environmental Education Research

How does play in the outdoors afford opportunities for schema development in young children?

Loose parts in an outdoor environment can enhance children’s play and promote their holistic development.

Boulton, P., Thomas, A., (2022). How does play in the outdoors afford opportunities for schema development in young children?. International Journal of Play, 11(2), 184-201.

Naturally enough? Children, climate anxiety and the importance of hope

A pedagogy of hope encourages and supports children’s climate change activism

Buchanan, J., Pressick-Kilborn, K., Fergusson, J., (2021). Naturally enough? Children, climate anxiety and the importance of hope. The Social Educator, 39(3), 17-31.

Climate change and child health: a scoping review and an expanded conceptual framework

Climate change will have a detrimental direct and indirect impact on children’s health and wellbeing

Helldén, D., Andersson, C., Nilsson, M., Ebi, K. L., Friberg, P., Alfvén, T., (2021). Climate change and child health: a scoping review and an expanded conceptual framework. Lancet Planet Health, 5(3), E164-E175.

Choice matters: Pupils' stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project

Education outside the classroom can have a positive effect on biological stress regulation

Dettweiler, U., Gerchen, M., Mall, C., Simon, P., Kirsch, P., (2022). Choice matters: Pupils' stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 152-173.

"I just want to stay out there all day”: A case study of two special educators and five autistic children learning outside at school

Contact with nature during the school day can benefit both students with autism and their teachers

Friedman, S., Morrison, S. A., (2022). "I just want to stay out there all day”: A case study of two special educators and five autistic children learning outside at school. Frontiers in Education, 6

School greenspace is associated with enhanced benefits of academic interventions on annual reading improvement for children of color in California

School greenspace may bolster the effects of instructional interventions for students with high academic support needs

Rahai, R., Wells, N. M., Evans, G. W., (2023). School greenspace is associated with enhanced benefits of academic interventions on annual reading improvement for children of color in California. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 83

The autonomy-authority duality of shared decision-making in youth environmental action

Educators find that achieving a suitable balance between autonomy and authority in youth action projects is challenging

Schusler, T.M., Krasny, M.E., Decker, D.J., (2017). The autonomy-authority duality of shared decision-making in youth environmental action. Environmental Education Research, 23(4), 533-552.

How participatory processes impact children and contribute to planning: A case study of neighborhood design from Boulder, Colorado, USA

Participatory planning can have significant positive impacts on young people while also contributing valuable ideas to the planning processes

Derr, V., Kovács, I. G., (2017). How participatory processes impact children and contribute to planning: A case study of neighborhood design from Boulder, Colorado, USA. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 10(1), 29-48.

Beyond the ‘usual suspects’? Engaging children in diverse communities in co-producing an arboretum-meadow: Professional partner perspectives

Engaging children in the co-production of nature-based solutions can foster their connections to nature

Hoyle, H., Cottrill, W., (2023). Beyond the ‘usual suspects’? Engaging children in diverse communities in co-producing an arboretum-meadow: Professional partner perspectives. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 79