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Does environmental education benefit environmental outcomes in children and adolescents? A meta-analysis
A synthesis of global research shows that environmental education is effective for children and adolescents, yet little is known about the conditions and approaches that make it effective.
van de Wetering, J., Leijten, P, Spitzer, J., Thomaes, S., (2022). Does environmental education benefit environmental outcomes in children and adolescents? A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental PsychologyHow to support young children's interest development during exploratory natural science activities in outdoor environments
Different interactional qualities of teachers are needed to support young children's interest in natural elements
Skalstad, I., Munkebye, E., (2022). How to support young children's interest development during exploratory natural science activities in outdoor environments. Teaching and Teacher Education, 120Nature-based early childhood education and children’s social, emotional and cognitive development: A mixed-methods systematic review
Nature-based early childhood education may support children’s growth in multiple areas of social, emotional, and cognitive development
Johnstone, A., Martin, A., Cordovil, R., Fjørtoft, I., Iivonen, S., Jidovtseff, B., Lopes, F., Reilly, J. J., Thomson, H., Wells, V., McCrorie, P., (2022). Nature-based early childhood education and children’s social, emotional and cognitive development: A mixed-methods systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19Nature-based instruction for science learning – a good fit for all: A controlled comparison of classroom versus nature
Nature-based instruction supports science learning for all students regardless of socioeconomic status
Faber Taylor, A., Butts-Wilmsmeyer, C., Jordan, C., (2022). Nature-based instruction for science learning – a good fit for all: A controlled comparison of classroom versus nature. Environmental Education ResearchHow does play in the outdoors afford opportunities for schema development in young children?
Loose parts in an outdoor environment can enhance children’s play and promote their holistic development.
Boulton, P., Thomas, A., (2022). How does play in the outdoors afford opportunities for schema development in young children?. International Journal of Play, 11(2),Naturally enough? Children, climate anxiety and the importance of hope
A pedagogy of hope encourages and supports children’s climate change activism
Buchanan, J., Pressick-Kilborn, K., Fergusson, J., (2021). Naturally enough? Children, climate anxiety and the importance of hope. The Social Educator, 39(3),From climate change victims to climate change actors: The role of eco-parenting in building mitigation and adaptation capacities in children
Eco-parenting promotes climate change mitigation and adaptation capacities in children
Nche, G. C., Achunike, H. C., Okoli, A. B., (2019). From climate change victims to climate change actors: The role of eco-parenting in building mitigation and adaptation capacities in children. The Journal of Environmental Education, 50(2),Choice matters: Pupils' stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project
Education outside the classroom can have a positive effect on biological stress regulation
Dettweiler, U., Gerchen, M., Mall, C., Simon, P., Kirsch, P., (2022). Choice matters: Pupils' stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1),Diversity in outdoor education: Discrepancies in SEL across a school overnight program
Implicit bias may influence assessment results of SEL in a multicultural group of students
Germinaro, K., Jones, J. M., (2021). Diversity in outdoor education: Discrepancies in SEL across a school overnight program. Journal of Experiential Education‘A new adventure’: A case study of autistic children at Forest School
Children with autism experience benefits and challenges during Forest School sessions
Friedman, S., Gibson, J., Jones, C., Hughes, C., (2022). ‘A new adventure’: A case study of autistic children at Forest School. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning“You don’t wanna teach little kids about climate change”: Beliefs and barriers to sustainability education in early childhood
Sustainability education at nature-based preschools in the United States is limited
Ginsburg, J.L., Audley, S., (2020). “You don’t wanna teach little kids about climate change”: Beliefs and barriers to sustainability education in early childhood. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 7(3),Tracking education for sustainable development in ECEC institutions’ annual plans
Early childhood teachers in Norway foster respect for the environment but do not address the social and economic dimensions of sustainable development
Meland, A. T., (2022). Tracking education for sustainable development in ECEC institutions’ annual plans. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 30(5 ),Affordances of small animals for young children: A path to environmental values of care
Affordances of small animals may promote sustainability goals for young children
Lerstrup, I., Chawla, L., Heft, H., (2021). Affordances of small animals for young children: A path to environmental values of care. International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 9(1),Revealing the research ‘hole’ of early childhood education for sustainability: A preliminary survey of the literature
Research on education for sustainable development has generally not included early childhood
Davis, J., (2009). Revealing the research ‘hole’ of early childhood education for sustainability: A preliminary survey of the literature. Environmental Education Research, 15(2),The autonomy-authority duality of shared decision-making in youth environmental action
Educators find that achieving a suitable balance between autonomy and authority in youth action projects is challenging
Schusler, T.M., Krasny, M.E., Decker, D.J., (2017). The autonomy-authority duality of shared decision-making in youth environmental action. Environmental Education Research, 23(4),Beyond the ‘usual suspects’? Engaging children in diverse communities in co-producing an arboretum-meadow: Professional partner perspectives
Engaging children in the co-production of nature-based solutions can foster their connections to nature
Hoyle, H., Cottrill, W., (2023). Beyond the ‘usual suspects’? Engaging children in diverse communities in co-producing an arboretum-meadow: Professional partner perspectives. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 79The teacher’s role for engagement in foraging and gardening activities in kindergarten
Early childhood educators nurture young children’s enthusiasm for learning in nature
Bergan, V., Nylund, M. B., Midtbø, I. L., Paulsen, B. H. L., (2023). The teacher’s role for engagement in foraging and gardening activities in kindergarten. Environmental Education ResearchOutdoor nature-based play in early learning and childcare centres: Identifying the determinants of implementation using causal loop diagrams and social network analysis
Educator confidence and agency, along with other key leveraging points, are crucial for optimal implementation of nature-based play
Zucca, C., McCrorie, P., Johnstone, A., Chambers, S., Chng, N. R., Traynor, O., Martin, A., (2023). Outdoor nature-based play in early learning and childcare centres: Identifying the determinants of implementation using causal loop diagrams and social network analysis. Health and Place, 79Nature-based early childhood activities as environmental education?: A review of Japanese and Australian perspectives
Guidelines and practices for nature-based activities with young children tend to lack a comprehensive approach to early childhood education for sustainability
Inoue, M., Elliott, S., Mitsuhashi, M., Kido, H., (2019). Nature-based early childhood activities as environmental education?: A review of Japanese and Australian perspectives. Japanese Journal of Environmental Education, 28(4)“We should have held this in a circle”: White ignorance and answerability in outdoor education
Barriers to addressing settler colonialism in outdoor education programs include lack of understanding, fear, and adherence to white ignorance
Brooks, S. D., Sabzalian, L., Weiser-Nieto, R., Springer, S., (2023). “We should have held this in a circle”: White ignorance and answerability in outdoor education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 54(2),The impact of music making outdoors on primary school aged pupils (aged 7–10 years) in the soundscape of nature from the perspective of their primary school teachers
The benefits of outdoor activities in nature may go beyond what can be achieved in school
Adams, D., Beauchamp, G., (2021). The impact of music making outdoors on primary school aged pupils (aged 7–10 years) in the soundscape of nature from the perspective of their primary school teachers. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 24,Cripping environmental education: Rethinking disability, nature, and interdependent futures
Cripping environmental education means disrupting the able-bodiedness within the field
Schmidt, J., (2022). Cripping environmental education: Rethinking disability, nature, and interdependent futures. Australian Journal of Environmental Education“It was like I was not a person, it was like I was the nature”: The impact of arts-in-nature experiences on the wellbeing of children living in areas of high deprivation
Nature and art together can support the mental and emotional well-being of children in disadvantaged communities
Moula, Z., Walshe, N., Lee, E., (2023). “It was like I was not a person, it was like I was the nature”: The impact of arts-in-nature experiences on the wellbeing of children living in areas of high deprivation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 90Teachers as learners: Outdoor elementary science
Outdoor Science Education program helps teachers learn science as 5th graders learn science
Carrier, S. J., Fraulo, A. B., Peterson, M. N., Stevenson, K. T., Romeo, L. M., (2023). Teachers as learners: Outdoor elementary science. Electronic Journal for Research in Science & Mathematics Education, 27(2),“We do it anyway”: Professional identities of teachers who enact risky play as a framework for education outdoors
Teachers’ opportunities for mentorship are essential to risky outdoor play and learning in schools
Zeni, M., Schnellert, L., Brussoni, M., (2023). “We do it anyway”: Professional identities of teachers who enact risky play as a framework for education outdoors. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental EducationEnable, reconnect and augment: A new ERA of virtual nature research and application
Immersive virtual nature experiences may enhance human-nature interactions and improve public health
Litleskare, S., MacIntyre, T. E., Calogiuri, G., (2020). Enable, reconnect and augment: A new ERA of virtual nature research and application. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5)Elementary students’ ‘outdoor – digital’ explorations in ecology - learning through chains of transduction
Children’s learning across natural and digital environments supports developing eco-literacy
Caiman, C., Kjällander, S., (2024). Elementary students’ ‘outdoor – digital’ explorations in ecology - learning through chains of transduction. Environmental Education Research, 30(1),The effectiveness of a community-based playgroup in inspiring positive changes in the environmental attitudes and behaviours of children and their parents: A qualitative case study
Playgroups inspire pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors for both children and their caregivers
Mintoff, Z., Andersen, P., Warren, J., Elliott, S., Nicholson, C., Byfield-Fleming, H., Barber, F., (2023). The effectiveness of a community-based playgroup in inspiring positive changes in the environmental attitudes and behaviours of children and their parents: A qualitative case study. Australian Journal of Environmental EducationEnvironmental self-identity partially mediates the effects of exposure and connection to nature on urban children’s conservation behaviours
Children’s environmental self-identities, and connectedness to nature, are central to their environmental behaviors
Keith, R. J., Given, L. M., Martin, J. M., Hochuli, D. F., (2022). Environmental self-identity partially mediates the effects of exposure and connection to nature on urban children’s conservation behaviours. Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology, 3Eco-capabilities: Arts-in-nature for supporting nature visibilisation and wellbeing in children
An arts-in-nature program helps children connect with nature and appreciate nature’s contribution to their own wellbeing
Walshe, N., Perry, J., Moula, Z., (2023). Eco-capabilities: Arts-in-nature for supporting nature visibilisation and wellbeing in children. Sustainability, 15(16)Methodological considerations for movement education interventions in natural environments for primary school children: A scoping review
Learning in nature is a feasible intervention for promoting positive learning outcomes for children
Petrigna, L., Thomas, E., Scardina, A., Rizzo, F., Brusa, J., Camarazza, G., Galassi, C., Palma, A., Bellafiore, M., (2022). Methodological considerations for movement education interventions in natural environments for primary school children: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19Teacher and parent perception of biophilic conditions in primary-school environments and their impact on children’s wellbeing
Teachers with numerous biophilic elements in their schools report favorable views of biophilic design’s impact on learning
Lanzaro, B., Ucci, M., (2024). Teacher and parent perception of biophilic conditions in primary-school environments and their impact on children’s wellbeing. Architecture, 4(2)Empathy capacity-building through a community of practice approach: Exploring perceived impacts and implications
A community of practice approach can enhance educators’ capacity for developing young children’s empathy for nature
Ernst, J., Underwood, C., Wojciehowski, M., Nayquonabe, T., (2024). Empathy capacity-building through a community of practice approach: Exploring perceived impacts and implications. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Garden, 5,Children’s pro-environmental behaviour: A systematic review of the literature
Review identifies internal and external factors underlying children’s development of pro-environmental behaviors
Liu, J., Green, J., (2024). Children’s pro-environmental behaviour: A systematic review of the literature. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 205Nature connection in adulthood: The role of childhood nature experiences
Childhood nature experiences are associated with stronger nature connections in adulthood
Barrable, A., Friedman, S., Beloyianni, V., (2024). Nature connection in adulthood: The role of childhood nature experiences. People and Nature, 6(4)A toolkit of biophilic interventions for existing schools to enhance student and faculty health and performance
Study identifies impactful and affordable biophilic design strategies for existing K-12 schools
Leif, K., Loftness, V., (2024). A toolkit of biophilic interventions for existing schools to enhance student and faculty health and performance. Architecture, 4,Exploring children’s participation in the framework of early childhood environmental education
Environmental education can engage young children as equal partners through participatory approaches
Tsevreni, I., Tigka, A., Christidou, V., (2023). Exploring children’s participation in the framework of early childhood environmental education. Children's Geographies, 21(3),Youth visions in a changing climate: Emerging lessons from using immersive and arts-based methods for strengthening community-engaged research with urban youth
Participatory research approaches can engage urban youth in working towards ecological resilience
Sitas, N., Selomane, O., Atkins, F., Hlongwane, E., Fanana, S., Wigley, T., Boulle, T., (2022). Youth visions in a changing climate: Emerging lessons from using immersive and arts-based methods for strengthening community-engaged research with urban youth. Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement, 15(2)Participatory action research for primate conservation: A critical analysis of a nonformal education program in Southern Mexico
Conservation education may benefit from incorporating participatory action research principles
Franquesa‐Soler, M., Sales, L. J., Rivera, E. S., (2022). Participatory action research for primate conservation: A critical analysis of a nonformal education program in Southern Mexico. American Journal of Primatology, 85(5)Connecting children to nature through the integration of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge into early childhood environmental education
Integrating Indigenous Ecological Knowledge into early childhood environmental education can deepen young children’s connectedness to nature
Acharibasam, J. B., McVittie, J., (2023). Connecting children to nature through the integration of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge into early childhood environmental education. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 39,Navigating approaches to “thinking with”: A discussion of the practicalities of posthuman research involving young children
Forest school research highlights 3 post-humanist approaches to study child-nature relationships
Boileau, B. Y. S., (2024). Navigating approaches to “thinking with”: A discussion of the practicalities of posthuman research involving young children. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 40,Interdisciplinary nature journaling improves mood and helps build connection in middle school students
Nature journaling supports students’ well-being and environmental awareness
Arbor, R. N., Matteson, K., (2024). Interdisciplinary nature journaling improves mood and helps build connection in middle school students. Environmental Education Research, 37(4),Practitioner perspectives on nature-based learning for autistic children
Nature-based learning can promote the well-being of autistic children by affirming and supporting their way of learning
Friedman, S., Morrison, S. A., Shibata, A., (2024). Practitioner perspectives on nature-based learning for autistic children. The Journal of Environmental EducationAttending 12 weekly sessions of Forest School sessions improves mood and cooperation in 7–8- year-old children
Forest School participation is beneficial for children’s mood and cooperation.
Hepworth, A., Haddad, H., Edmonds, C. J., (2024). Attending 12 weekly sessions of Forest School sessions improves mood and cooperation in 7–8- year-old children. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor LearningSupporting young children’s self-regulation through nature-based practices in preschool
Nature-based practices may help children from disadvantaged backgrounds develop self-regulation and attention skills
Ernst, J., Stelley, H., (2024). Supporting young children’s self-regulation through nature-based practices in preschool. Behavioral Sciences, 14Children’s moral judgments and reasoning regarding environmentally harmful behaviors: Variation by victim type and moderation effect of connectedness to nature
Connectedness to nature affects children’s understanding and interpretation of environmentally harmful behaviors
Hye-Jung, C., Naya, C., (2024). Children’s moral judgments and reasoning regarding environmentally harmful behaviors: Variation by victim type and moderation effect of connectedness to nature. Journal of Environmental PsychologyTurning science lessons inside out: Professional development for elementary school teachers’ outdoor instruction
Elementary teachers need continued administrative support to take science out to the schoolyard
Fiocca, S., Carrier, S. J., McGowan, J., (2024). Turning science lessons inside out: Professional development for elementary school teachers’ outdoor instruction. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education and Leadership, 16(4),“It’s the only world we’ve got.” Children’s responses to Chris Jordan’s Images about SDG 14: Life below water
Environmental artworks can enhance children’s learning about sustainability
O'Gorman, L., (2024). “It’s the only world we’ve got.” Children’s responses to Chris Jordan’s Images about SDG 14: Life below water. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 40,Effects of school‐led greenspace interventions on mental, physical and social wellbeing in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Engaging with nature in educational settings can improve students’ well-being for optimal learning experiences
Ly, V., Vella‐Brodrick,, D. A., (2024). Effects of school‐led greenspace interventions on mental, physical and social wellbeing in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Educational Psychology Review, 36(133)MADE POSSIBLE WITH SUPPORT FROM:
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