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The child in the garden: An evaluative review of the benefits of school gardening
School gardens positively impact children's learning and behavior
Blair, D., (2009). The child in the garden: An evaluative review of the benefits of school gardening. Journal of Environmental Education, 40(2),Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in Ankara's primary schools
Schoolyard size and landscape quality influence children's satisfaction and weight
Ozdemir, A., Yilmaz, O., (2008). Assessment of outdoor school environments and physical activity in Ankara's primary schools. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28(3),The influence of the physical environment and sociodemographic characteristics on children's mode of travel to and from school
Sociodemographic and physical environment factors influence children's active travel between home and school
Larsen, K., Gilliland, J., Hess, P., Tucker, P., Irwin, J., He, M. Z., (2009). The influence of the physical environment and sociodemographic characteristics on children's mode of travel to and from school. American Journal of Public Health, 99(3),Youth day in Los Angeles: Evaluating the role of technology in children's nature activities
Technology may help engage children in outdoor activities in nature
Chavez, D. J., (2009). Youth day in Los Angeles: Evaluating the role of technology in children's nature activities. Children, Youth and Environments, 19(1),Children's perspectives on public playgrounds in two Swedish communities
The surrounding landscape can influence children's playground experiences
Jansson, M., (2008). Children's perspectives on public playgrounds in two Swedish communities. Children, Youth and Environments, 18(2),Correlates of objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary time in children: A cross-sectional study (The European Youth Heart Study)
9-year-old children who play outdoors after school and 15-year-old children who participate in sport clubs are more physically active
Nilsson, A., Andersen, L. B., Ommundsen, Y., Froberg, K., Sardinha, L. B., Piehl-Aulin, K, (2009). Correlates of objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary time in children: A cross-sectional study (The European Youth Heart Study). BMC Public Health, 9(322)Adolescents' sports and exercise environments in a US time use survey
A lot of adolescents' recreational physical activity takes place outdoors and with friends
Dunton, G. F., Berrigan, D., Ballard-Barbash, R., Perna, F. M., Graubard, B. I., Atienza, A. A., (2010). Adolescents' sports and exercise environments in a US time use survey. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 39(2),Using nature and outdoor activity to improve children's health
Being physically active outdoors and in nature can improve children's health
McCurdy, L. E., Winterbottom, K. E., Mehta, S. S., Roberts, J. R., (2010). Using nature and outdoor activity to improve children's health. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 40(5),A qualitative investigation of Californian youth interests in the outdoors
California children want to engage in more outdoor activities, but face a number of constraints
Goldenberg, M., Wassenberg, K., Greenwood, J., Hendricks, W., Jacobs, J., Cummings, J., (2010). A qualitative investigation of Californian youth interests in the outdoors. Journal of Youth Development, 5(1),Interaction between physical environment, social environment, and child characteristics in determining physical activity at child care
Child-care centers' social and physical environments influence children's physical activity levels
Gubbels, J. S., Kremers, S. P. J, van Kann, D. H. H., Stafleu, A., Candel, M. J. J. M., Dagnelie, P. C., Thijs, C., de Vries, N. K., (2011). Interaction between physical environment, social environment, and child characteristics in determining physical activity at child care. Health Psychology, 30(1),Social and environmental factors associated with preschoolers' nonsedentary physical activity
Children are largely indoors and sedentary at preschool
Brown, W. H., Pfeiffer, K. A., McIver, K. L., Dowda, M., Addy, C. L., Pate, R. R., (2009). Social and environmental factors associated with preschoolers' nonsedentary physical activity. Child Development, 80(1),Is the neighbourhood environment associated with sedentary behaviour outside of school hours among children?
Children are less sedentary if they live in neighborhoods with certain environmental features
Veitch, J., Timperio, A., Crawford, D., Giles-Corti, B., Salmon, J., (2011). Is the neighbourhood environment associated with sedentary behaviour outside of school hours among children?. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 41(3),Greenspace and children's physical activity: A GPS/GIS analysis of the PEACH project
Children have higher physical activity levels in greenspace as compared to non-greenspace
Wheeler, B. W., Cooper, A. R., Page, A. S., Jago, R., (2010). Greenspace and children's physical activity: A GPS/GIS analysis of the PEACH project. Preventive Medicine, 51(2),Where can they play? Outdoor spaces and physical activity among adolescents in US urbanized areas
Children living closer to parks and greenspace participate in more active sports and have higher levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity
Boone-Heinonen, J., Casanova, K., Richardson, A. S., Gordon-Larsen, P., (2010). Where can they play? Outdoor spaces and physical activity among adolescents in US urbanized areas. Preventive Medicine, 51(3-4),Parents' perception of neighbourhood environment as a determinant of screen time, physical activity and active transport
Children living in neighborhoods where parents believe that there are good parks and sidewalks spend less time engaged in screen-based behaviors, are more physically active, and are more likely to walk or bike to and from school
Carson, V., Kuhle, S., Spence, J. C., Veugelers, P. J., (2010). Parents' perception of neighbourhood environment as a determinant of screen time, physical activity and active transport. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 101(2),Mapping the walk to school using accelerometry combined with a Global Positioning System
Children who actively commute to school are more active and engage in more moderate to vigorous physical activity
Cooper, A. R., Page, A. S., Wheeler, B. W., Griew, P., Davis, L., Hillsdon, M., (2010). Mapping the walk to school using accelerometry combined with a Global Positioning System. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38(2),Active school transport, physical activity levels and body weight of children and youth: A systematic review
Children who actively commute to school have higher physical activity levels
Faulkner, G. E. J., Buliung, R. N., Flora, P. K., Fusco, C., (2009). Active school transport, physical activity levels and body weight of children and youth: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 48(1),Young children in urban areas: Links among neighborhood characteristics, weight status, outdoor play, and television-watching
Children who play more outside and watch less TV have lower BMIs
Kimbro, R. T., Brooks-Gunn, J., McLanahan, S., (2011). Young children in urban areas: Links among neighborhood characteristics, weight status, outdoor play, and television-watching. Social Science & Medicine, 72(5),Influence of physical activity and screen time on the retinal microvasculature in young children
Children who spend more time in outdoor sport activities and less time watching TV have better retinal microvascular structure
Gopinath, B., Baur, L. A., Wang, J. J., Hardy, L. L., Teber, E., Kifley, A., Wong, T. Y., Mitchell, P., (2011). Influence of physical activity and screen time on the retinal microvasculature in young children. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 31(5),Patterns of GPS measured time outdoors after school and objective physical activity in English children: The PEACH project
Children who spend more time outside are more physically active
Cooper, A. R., Page, A. S., Wheeler, B. W., Hillsdon, M, Griew, P., Jago, R., (2010). Patterns of GPS measured time outdoors after school and objective physical activity in English children: The PEACH project. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(31)A comparison of children with ADHD in a natural and built setting
Children with ADHD functioned better in the woods than in a built setting
Van Den Berg, A., Van Den Berg, C., (2011). A comparison of children with ADHD in a natural and built setting. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(3),Could exposure to everyday green spaces help treat ADHD? Evidence from children's play settings
Children with ADHD who regularly play in green settings have milder symptoms than children who play in built outdoor and indoor settings
Faber Taylor, A., Kuo, F. E. M., (2011). Could exposure to everyday green spaces help treat ADHD? Evidence from children's play settings. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3(3),Childhood obesity and proximity to urban parks and recreational resources: A longitudinal cohort study
Children with better access to public parks and recreation programs are less likely to have significant increases in BMI over time
Wolch, J., Jerrett, M., Reynolds, K., McConnell, R., Chang, R., Dahmann, N., Brady, K., Gilliland, F., Su, J. G., Berhane, K., (2011). Childhood obesity and proximity to urban parks and recreational resources: A longitudinal cohort study. Health & Place, 17(1),Independent mobility, perceptions of the built environment and children's participation in play, active travel and structured exercise and sport: The PEACH Project
Children with higher levels of independent mobility participate more in a range of physical activities
Page, A. S., Cooper, A. R., Griew, P., Jago, R., (2010). Independent mobility, perceptions of the built environment and children's participation in play, active travel and structured exercise and sport: The PEACH Project. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(17)Contributions of built environment to childhood obesity
Children's built environments influence their access to nutritious foods and physical activity
Rahman, T., Cushing, R. A., Jackson, R. J., (2011). Contributions of built environment to childhood obesity. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine, 78(1),Adolescents' emotional affinity toward nature: A cross-sectional study
Children's emotional affinity towards nature is a strong predictor of their willingness to protect the environment
Müller, M., Kals, E., Pansa, R., (2009). Adolescents' emotional affinity toward nature: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Developmental Processes, 4(1),Children's relationship to plants among primary school children in Finland
Children's interest and relationship to nature and vegetation varies by context (urban vs. rural) and gender
Laaksoharju, T., Rappe, E., (2010). Children's relationship to plants among primary school children in Finland. HortTechnology, 20(4),Relationship between parents' beliefs and their responses to children's risk-taking behaviour during outdoor play
Children's risk-taking behavior during outdoor play is influenced by their parents' risk-taking beliefs
Little, H., (2010). Relationship between parents' beliefs and their responses to children's risk-taking behaviour during outdoor play. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 8(3),What brings children to the park? Analysis and measurement of the variables affecting children's use of parks
Different factors attract different groups of children to parks
Loukaitou-Sideris, A., Sideris, A., (2010). What brings children to the park? Analysis and measurement of the variables affecting children's use of parks. Journal of the American Planning Association, 76(1),Children in schoolyards: Tracking movement patterns and physical activity in schoolyards using global positioning system and heart rate monitoring
Different schoolyard areas support different types of physical activity and uses dependent on gender
Fjørtoft, I., Kristoffersen, B, Sageie, J., (2010). Children in schoolyards: Tracking movement patterns and physical activity in schoolyards using global positioning system and heart rate monitoring. Landscape and Urban Planning, 93,The impact of direct and indirect experiences on the development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior
Direct nature experiences are important for changing environmental attitudes and behavior
Duerden, M. D., Witt, P. A., (2010). The impact of direct and indirect experiences on the development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4),What is the meaning and nature of active play for today's children in the UK?
Promoting active play may prevent typical declines in physical activity as children age, but interventions may need to be tailored by gender
Brockman, R., Fox, K. R., Jago, R., (2011). What is the meaning and nature of active play for today's children in the UK?. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(15)Children's active play: Self-reported motivators, barriers and facilitators
Girls' and boys' active play outdoors differs in terms of activities, location, and social context
Brockman, R., Jago, R., Fox, K., (2011). Children's active play: Self-reported motivators, barriers and facilitators. BMC Public Health, 11(461)The relationship between school ground design and intensity of physical activity
Green areas on elementary school grounds support the highest level of children's moderate physical activity
Dyment, J. E., Bell, A. C., Lucas, A. J., (2009). The relationship between school ground design and intensity of physical activity. Children's Geographies, 7(3),Biodiverse or barren school grounds: Their effects on children
Green schoolyards provide rich play environments
Samborski, S., (2010). Biodiverse or barren school grounds: Their effects on children. Children, Youth and Environments, 20(2),Examination of perceived neighborhood characteristics and transportation on changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior: The trial of activity in adolescent girls
Having other children that play outdoors helps minimize physical activity declines in adolescent girls
Evenson, K. R., Murray, D. M., Birnbaum, A. S., Cohen, D. A., (2010). Examination of perceived neighborhood characteristics and transportation on changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior: The trial of activity in adolescent girls. Health & Place, 16(5),Predictors of time spent outdoors among children: 5-year longitudinal findings
Individual and social factors impact the amount of time children spend outdoors
Cleland, V., Timperio, A., Salmon, J., Hume, C., Baur, L. A., Crawford, D., (2010). Predictors of time spent outdoors among children: 5-year longitudinal findings. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 64(5),From play in nature, to recreation then vocation: A developmental model for natural history-oriented environmental professionals
Childhood play in the outdoors is related to adult career and recreational interests
James, J. J., Bixler, R. D., Vadala, C. E., (2010). From play in nature, to recreation then vocation: A developmental model for natural history-oriented environmental professionals. Children, Youth and Environments, 20(1),A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments
Natural environments may provide added health benefits above and beyond human-made environments
Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L. M., Knight, T. M., Pullin, A. S., (2010). A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments. BMC Public Health, 10(456)In pursuit of nature: The role of nature in adolescents' lives
Nature is widespread in places adolescents use and value
Owens, P. E., McKinnon, I., (2009). In pursuit of nature: The role of nature in adolescents' lives. Journal of Developmental Processes, 4(1),Neighbourhood physical activity environments and adiposity in children and mothers: A three-year longitudinal study
Neighborhood features that influence children's BMI may change as children mature
Timperio, A., Jeffery, R. W., Crawford, D., Roberts, R., Giles-Corti, B., Ball, K., (2010). Neighbourhood physical activity environments and adiposity in children and mothers: A three-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(18)Environmental determinants of outdoor play in children: A large-scale cross-sectional study
Neighborhood social cohesion positively impacts children's outdoor play
Aarts, M. J., Wendel-Vos, W., van Oers, H. A. M., van de Goor, I. A. M., Schuit, A. J., (2010). Environmental determinants of outdoor play in children: A large-scale cross-sectional study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 39(3),Effects of an environmental education program on the environmental orientations of children from different gender, age, and ethnic groups
Non-formal outdoor environmental education programs can improve children's environmental orientations
Larson, L. R., Castleberry, S. B., Green, G. T., (2010). Effects of an environmental education program on the environmental orientations of children from different gender, age, and ethnic groups. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 28(3),Changes in children's nature-based experiences near home: From spontaneous play to adult-controlled, planned and organised activities
Norwegian children's play in natural spaces today is significantly different than the previous generation's
Skar, M., Krogh, E., (2009). Changes in children's nature-based experiences near home: From spontaneous play to adult-controlled, planned and organised activities. Children's Geographies, 7(3),Through the eyes of young people: Favourite places for physical activity
Open public spaces are children's favorite places for physical activity
Rehrer, N. J., Freeman, C., Cassidy, T., Waters, D. L., Barclay, G. E., Wilson, N. C., (2011). Through the eyes of young people: Favourite places for physical activity. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 39(5),Outdoor affordances in early childhood education and care settings: Adults' and children's perspectives
Outdoor affordances at child care settings vary based on physical and social factors
Kernan, M., (2010). Outdoor affordances in early childhood education and care settings: Adults' and children's perspectives. Children, Youth and Environments, 20(1),Place matters: The significance of place attachments for children's well-being
Place attachments are important to children's well-being
Jack, G., (2010). Place matters: The significance of place attachments for children's well-being. British Journal of Social Work, 40(3),Influence of limitedly visible leafy indoor plants on the psychology, behavior, and health of students at a junior high school in Taiwan
Plants in classrooms benefit students' emotions, behavior, and health
Han, K. T., (2009). Influence of limitedly visible leafy indoor plants on the psychology, behavior, and health of students at a junior high school in Taiwan. Environment and Behavior, 41(5),Attractive playgrounds: Some factors affecting user interest and visiting patterns
Play equipment develops children's interest in specific playgrounds, but other factors are more important in determining how much children actually visit playgrounds
Jansson, M., (2010). Attractive playgrounds: Some factors affecting user interest and visiting patterns. Landscape Research, 35(1),MADE POSSIBLE WITH SUPPORT FROM:
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